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Chemical burns represent blinding ocular injuries and constitute an ocular emergency requiring immediate assessment and initiation of treatment. The majority of patients are of young age groups and exposure will occur anywhere as an accident and in association with criminal assaults too. Alkali injuries occur more frequently. Chemical injuries of the eye produce extensive damage to the conjunctiva, cornea, anterior segment and limbal stem cells resulting in unilateral or bilateral visual impairment. This article reviews the emergency management to improve the prognosis of patients with chemical injuries
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Background:In India and other developing countries, senile cataract is the most common cause of reversible blindness. In developed countries, phacoemulsification is a preferred option. It is an expensive procedure which requires high surgical training. Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) is a safe and affordable technique. It involves lesser surgical time and the instrumentation is easier to maintain. This study is undertaken to know the intraoperative complications involved in this technique and the management of these complications. Methodology: Atotal of 50 cases were studied from October 2020-January 2021. It is a hospital based, descriptive cross-sectional study. Results:Intraoperative complications occurred in 10 cases (20%). It included iris prolapse in 3 cases (6%), tunnel related complications in 3 cases which included premature entry in 2 cases (4%) and button holing in 1 case (2%), Descemet membrane detachment in 1 case (2%), intraoperative miosis in 1 case (2%), intraoperative hyphema in 1 case (2%), capsule related complications in 1 case (2%) and PC rent in one case (2%).Conclusion:Manual small incision cataract surgery is well suited in our country, where there is backlog of cataract cases. It is an effective, affordable technique which involves lesser surgical time.
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Introduction: The numbers of people affected with lifestyle related diseases are increasing every day, diabetes being one of the major contributors to the increasing morbidity and mortality in the world. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the complications of diabetes which is thought to be associated with the duration of diabetes, we conducted this study to evaluate the same. Methodology:This study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology. Total 100 cases were selected for the study and patient data was collected and analysed. Duration of diabetes and its association with diabetic retinopathy was studied. Results: There were 62 males (62%), most of the participants were more than 60 years of age (54%). Majority of the patients had diabetes for 5 to 10 years (44%) followed by 1 to 5 years (34%) and 0 – 1 year (22%). On FFAexamination, majority of the patients had no any diabetic retinopathy (52%) while rest 48 patients had retinopathy (48%). Significant association was seen between the duration of diabetes and presence of diabetic retinopathy. (p=0.002). Conclusion: We found a significant association between the duration of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. It is important that in patients with diabetes who are not diagnosed as retinopathy by ophthalmoscopy, FFA should be done.