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An acute coronary syndrome due to mast?cell activation in the presence of an allergen is known as Kounis Syndrome (KS). This relatively new entity of KS is being increasingly recognized among allergists, cardiologists, and emergency physicians; however, it is not well?known among anesthesiologists. We report here, a case of type 2 KS due to antibiotic administration causing sudden perioperative cardiac arrest.
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Background: Quantification of urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase?2 (TIMP?2) and insulin?like growth factor binding protein (IFGBP?7), which is commercially known as NephroCheck�(NC) test have been suggested as promising tools for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery involving cardio?pulmonary bypass (CPB). Objectives: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that single value of postoperative NC test performed at 4 hours after surgery can predict AKI in off?pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) surgery. Setting and Design: This prospective single?center study was conducted at the tertiary cardiac center in India from December 2017 to November 2018. Methods: Ninety adult patients of both sex undergoing elective OPCABG were included. Anesthesia was standardized to all patients. Urine samples were collected preoperatively and at 4 hours after surgery for NC test. Urine output, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were also measured. AKI staging was based on kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. Statistical Analysis: To assess the predictability of NC test for the primary endpoint, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), was calculated. Results: Thirteen patients developed AKI in the study cohort (14.4%) out of which 7 patients (7.8%) developed stage 2/3 AKI and the remaining stage 1 AKI. Baseline renal parameters were similar between AKI and non?AKI group. The area under curve (AUC) of NC test at 4 hours after surgery was 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42?0.77]. Postoperative NC test performed at 4 hours after surgery did not predict AKI in this study population (P = 0.24). There were no significant differences in duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care stay and hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: NephroCheck� test performed at 4 hours after surgery did not identify patients at risk for developing AKI following OPCABG surgery
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Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the utility of the anterior segment morphometry for objectively assessing anterior segment architectural changes of corneal clouding in the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) cohort and to investigate whether these measurements correlate with the slit?lamp findings on the cornea and early diagnosis of glaucoma. Methods: This retrospective study involved 70 eyes of 35 children with cloudy cornea due to MPS variants. Anterior segment architectural alterations were measured using anterior segment imaging and biometry in MPS children and compared with controls. Results: Mean age of the cohort at the time of assessment was 7.9 ± 4.5 years. Males constituted two?thirds of the cohort. Variants of MPS with cloudy cornea were as follows: Type I (62%), Type IV (11%), and Type VI (22%). Morphometric measurements were available in 22 eyes of 11 MPS children and an age?matched healthy control group. There were significant differences between MPS cohort and controls in refraction in Diopters (5.03 ± 0.39 and 0.01 ± 0.04; P < 0.0001), axial length (AXL) in mm (21.39 ± 0.28 and 23.04 ± 0.28; P = 0.0002), average keratometry in Diopters (40.67 ± 0.44 and 42.83 ± 0.44; P < 0.0001), anterior chamber depth (ACD) in mm (2.92 ± 0.07 and 3.65 ± 0.07; P < 0.0001), and intraocular pressure (IOP) in mmHg (25.2 ± 2.0 and 14.1 ± 2.3; P = 0.0003). Secondary glaucoma was observed in 28% of the MPS cohort. Conclusion: The anterior segment morphometry in the cloudy cornea due to MPS provides an objective measurement of anterior segment architectural changes, thus diagnosing early?onset secondary glaucoma. These findings highlight that cloudy cornea due to MPS variants merits close monitoring throughout life
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Purpose: To evaluate patterns of pediatric vitelliform macular dystrophy (PVMD). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of Indian children with vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD) presenting within the first decade of life. Records were evaluated for clinical findings, family screening, and investigative findings including optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), full?field electroretinogram (ERG) and electrooculogram (EOG). Electrophysiology was scrutinized and audited for acquisition and interpretation errors. Findings on follow?up were also recorded. Results: 46 eyes of 24 patients were included. Mean age at presentation was 7.17 ± 2.17 years. Mean follow?up duration was 1.55 ± 1.69 years. Best disease was the commonest type of VMD detected (21 patients), while autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy was seen in three cases. Mean logMAR BCVA was 0.364 which decreased to 0.402 on follow?up. Hyperopia was noted in 29 out of 46 eyes (mean being +3.87 D, range ebing +0.75 to +8.75 D). Four eyes of four children had choroidal neovascular membrane at presentation, while another child developed while in follow?up. Solid type subretinal deposit was the commonest OCT finding (n = 29/38) and central hyper FAF was the commonest pattern (n = 18/32). EOG was available for review in 32 eyes, but was unreliable in 11 eyes. Seven eyes demonstrated complete absence of light rise on EOG. Conclusion: PVMD can present in advanced forms. Progression to complications with loss of visual acuity can happen within the first decade of life. EOG shows grossly suppressed waveforms in the light phase in a large number of such children
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揋uitar pick sign,� also referred to as posterior globe tenting, is a radiological surrogate marker of tense orbit and profound vision loss. It is seen commonly in traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage and carotico-cavernous fistula and less frequently in orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, and invasive fungal infections. We report a case series of Coronavirus disease-19朼ssociated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with guitar pick sign, of which none survived, and discuss the causative pathomechanisms, severity grade, and the clinical relevance of this unique radiological finding.
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Purpose: To report the outcomes of pars plana insertion of Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) in adults with refractory glaucoma by the novel technique of making scleral tunnel instead of patch graft to cover the tube to prevent its migration. Methods: A retrospective study was done between April 2016 and April 2018 on patients with ?12 months of follow?up. The main outcome measure was a surgical failure at 12 months. The failure was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >18 mmHg or IOP ?5 mmHg on two consecutive follow?up visits after 3 months, reoperation for glaucoma, loss of light perception vision, or implant explantation. Alternate definitions of failure including IOP >21 and IOP >15 mmHg were also considered. Results: The study included 32 eyes of 32 patients. The mean age was 46.2 ± 17.5 years. The most common etiology is traumatic glaucoma (12 eyes, 37.5%). The mean preoperative IOP and anti?glaucoma medications were 43.3 ± 10.3 and 3.4 ± 0.5 mmHg, respectively; both the parameters at the final follow?up were reduced to 15.2 ± 8.1 and 1.6 ± 0.5 mmHg. The Kaplan–Meier survival estimates demonstrated that the cumulative probability of failure was 15.6% (95% CI; 6.8–33.5%) at 3 months, 18.7% (95% CI; 8.9–37.0%) at 6 months, and 25.0% (95% CI; 13.4–43.8%) at 12 months. Conclusion: Pars plana AADI implantation with a newer modification technique is a useful procedure in reducing IOP and the number of anti?glaucoma medications in the eyes with refractory glaucoma. The visual acuity may be stabilized with the concurrent treatment of posterior segment pathology
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Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, highly pruritic inflammatory skin disease. The lesions are characterized by papules, papulovesicles, edema, crusting and scaling with hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation after healing. Here we represent a case of AD, having dry, pruritic and highly lichenificated skin lesion on lateral aspect of left leg from last 4 years. Based upon correlation in sign and symptoms the disease was considered as Vicharchika as per Ayurvedic perspective and treated accordingly with three sitting of wet cupping (bloodletting using vacuum cups) at interval of every 3-months gap on basis of the Samprapti (pathology) of Kushta Vyadhi comprising of all three Dosha Vata, Pitta and Kapha along with Rakta, Lasika, Twak, Mamsa as Dushya. Raktamokshana using wet cupping technique showed good result in reducing the sign and symptoms of eczema upto 90%. Based upon observation it can be concluded that Raktamokshana is found to be effective in management of Atopic Dermatitis.
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Here authors report a case of a 7-year old girl diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome with urinary tract co-infection who during treatment with steroids developed a Varicella Zoster infection. After cessation of steroid therapy and commencement with antiviral drugs, the patient showed significant reduction in nephrotic features and complete resolution of nephrotic syndrome as with the VZV super-infection.
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Introduction: Gastric carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with non-specific early symptoms. It is the second most commoncause of cancer-related deaths in the world.Materials and Methods: All cases of gastric carcinomas aged <40 years presented at Sri Ramachandra Institute of HigherEducation and Research from January 2016 to December 2019 were included in this study. The presenting symptoms andoutcome were collected from medical records. Pathology reports of the included cases were retrieved and associated factorswere analyzed.Results: Out of the 177 known cases of gastric carcinoma, 17 were under the age of 40 (9.6%), out of which, 10 (58.8%)were female and 7 (41.7%) were male. The number of males was higher in the patients >40 years. Fourteen cases (82.3%)were between 30 and 40 years. Three cases (17.6%) were between 20 and 30 years of age. Helicobacter pylori associatedgastritis was seen in 6 cases (35.2%). Out of the 17 cases (41.1%), 7 were poorly differentiated. The distal stomach was thesite of the tumor in 15 cases (88.2%), 2 cases were present in the gastroesophageal junction. The most common presentingcomplaints of these patients were abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting associated with food intake, and constipation,with the duration of these symptoms being 1–6 months. Two patients (11.7%) had a positive family history. Three patients(17.6%) had a positive history of substance abuse. Five patients reported a history of loss of weight and appetite. One patienthad metastasis to the liver, one to the liver, bone, and lungs, and one to the liver and esophagus. Ten patients (58.8%) weretreated with gastrectomy (subtotal/distal/partial) and two patients with esophageal gastrectomy. Most of the patients were givenchemotherapy and one was given palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Conclusion: Tumors rarely occur in the young, hence malignancy is not suspected and diagnosis is delayed. This leads to ahigher mortality rate as patients present with advanced stage of the disease. This study highlighted the “shift in trend” of incidenceof gastric carcinomas in younger age group. Screening and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for young patients.
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Aims: Globally, viral agents, especially herpes simplex virus (HSV), have overtaken the bacterial causes of genital ulcers. Very few laboratories in India, perform culture techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis of genital ulcers. This study aimed to establish the utility of existing tests, which are cheaper and need less technical expertise, when compared to newer tests such as PCR.Study Design: This cross sectional study was carried out to determine the aetiology of genital ulcers, with emphasis on diagnosis of herpetic ulcers, using newer and more accurate methods of diagnosis and evaluating their performance by comparing against viral culture as gold standard test.Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out over a period of one year in the Apex Regional Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Centre at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi and the Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi.Methodology: Fifty three patients with genital ulcers were included in the study. Specimens from ulcers were taken for various tests, including Giemsa stain, ELISA for HSV-1 & 2, PCR and Viral culture for HSV.Results: HSV was identified in 31 of 53 cases (58.5%), including 03 cases of HSV-1, and 28 cases of HSV-2. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR was 90.0% and 84.85%, respectively. Viral culture positivity was 37.7%.Conclusion: Genital herpes is associated with an increased risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition, and clinical manifestations are diverse; hence a presumptive diagnosis should be confirmed by reliable laboratory tests. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are the most sensitive methods for direct detection of HSV. The extensive validation of these tests allows for their application in routine laboratory settings with consistency and greater diagnostic accuracy. When standardised and used, PCR is a highly reproducible, rapid and labour efficient method for HSV detection.
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Placenta is a vital organ for the development of foetus and maintenance of pregnancy. Placenta helps in the development and growth of foetus in uterus. In between maternal and foetal circulation the transfer of waste products and nutrients was done by the placenta which is a complex organ of a short life span. The diabetic pregnancy is characterised by numerous disturbances in foetal growth and development.METHODSA cross sectional study on placental changes in 60 pregnant women was done over a period of 18 months. Pregnant women in the age group of 25 years to 40 years who were suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were included in the study. Placental specimens were collected from obstetrics department and fixed overnight in 10% formalin. Thorough gross examination was done and few bits from the abnormal areas were given for microscopic examination. Routine histopathological process was followed for microscopic examination.RESULTSOut of 60 pregnant women with PCOS, seven patients were found to be having PCOS with gestational diabetes mellitus. These seven patients showed gross and microscopic changes in the placenta when compared with non-diabetic PCOS pregnant women.CONCLUSIONSPlacenta of diabetic women with PCOS showed both gross and microscopic abnormalities which may affect the growth and development of baby during intrauterine life.
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The aim of cancer treatment is to target and destroy cancer cells. Adversely it affects rapidly dividing cells of bone marrow, hair, nails, skin and gastrointestinal mucosa. Drug induced side effects are seen in 25% of hospitalized cancer patients resulting in a variety of cutaneous adverse effects. This study analyses the cutaneous manifestations in patients on cancer therapy at a tertiary care hospital.METHODSThis is a hospital based observational study, done over a period of 2 years (September 2016 - September 2018), on cancer patients undergoing chemo or radiotherapy having cutaneous manifestations, referred to the Dermatology OPD from Oncology OPD in a tertiary hospital.RESULTSAmong 106 cases, 47% were males and 53% were females. Majority of patients belonged to the age group of 41-60 years (40%). Carcinoma of breast (13%) and lung (9%) presented in highest frequency. Out of 59 patients who were treated with chemotherapy alone, most common was anagen effluvium (59%) and least common were ichthyosis, erythema multiforme and herpes zoster (each 2%). Among 5 patients who were treated with radiation therapy alone, most common was radiation dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis (each 40 %). Among 18 patients who underwent combined chemo and radiotherapy, most common was anagen effluvium (39%) and least was folliculitis, lichenoid dermatitis (each 7%). Among 8 patients who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, most common was anagen effluvium (40%) and least was surgical site infection, eczema, folliculitis (each 12%). Among 16 patients who underwent combined chemo, radiation and surgery, most common was anagen effluvium (25%) and least common was surgical site infection (6%). 14% fungal, 10% bacterial and 6% viral infections were noted. Among 101 patients who received at least 1 chemotherapeutic agent, most commonly used agent was cisplatin (50%) and least commonly used agent was gemcitabine (3%).CONCLUSIONSEarly identification of adverse effects might help us to give a better quality of life and reduce psychosomatic distress of the patients. It might also assist in tailoring the therapy accordingly.
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Background: Since 1990 the global under-5 mortality rate has dropped from 91 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 43 in 2015. But the rate of this reduction in under-5 mortality was insufficient to reach the MDG target of a two-thirds reduction of 1990 mortality levels by the year 2015. Leading causes of death in children under-5 years are preterm birth complications, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, diarrhoea and malaria.Methods: Present study is a cross sectional observational study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, in JJM Medical College, Davanagere. Source of data was primary caregivers (mothers, fathers, grandparents, other relatives or guardians) of children between the age group of 1 month-5 years. This study is a structured questionnaire based cross-sectional observational study. Data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Out of the 350 primary caregivers, 146(41.71%) were mothers, 97(27.71%) were fathers, 57(16.28%) were grandparents. Taboos and cultural beliefs to ward of illness were commonly practiced among this study group. 26% believed in skin branding their children during febrile episodes or convulsions. 8% believed that ear piercings would prevent diarrhoeal illnesses and infant deaths while 6% felt that amulets prevent respiratory illness and mortality. Overall knowledge among primary caregivers regarding common childhood illnesses was found to be good.Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude among primary caregivers regarding common childhood illnesses is favourable but the practices and perceptions are not satisfactory. Improving literacy rates will have a significant impact on reduction of childhood mortality. Socioeconomic development of the urban community can improve care seeking behaviour during the childhood illness.
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Background: Cirrhosis is associated with numerous cardiac abnormalities; however scanty information is available about the changes associated with it in Indian diaspora. which include increased cardiac output, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, increased wall thickness of cardiac chambers, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These concomitant cardiac abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis have been termed as ‘Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy’. Objective of this study assess the Echocardiographic Changes among Chronic Liver disease in a tertiary care center. Method: Thirty patients with cirrhosis (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) were enrolled for the study at Department of Gastroenterology, Command Hospital, Air force, Bangalore from October 2007 to June 2009. Thirty age and sex matched controls without cardiovascular disease were included for comparison. Data collection was done by clinical history, examination and investigations. All subjects underwent Echocardiographic study was at 6 and 12 months and controls at the start of study.Results: Mean age of the study population was 54.5±15 yrs, males constituted 93% of the study population. Majority of the patients were in Child class B (43.3%) and Child A (40%). Interventricular septal thickness showed significant change compared to Control. There was no evidence of systolic dysfunction noted in the study population. There was no correlation between severity of cirrhosis and echocardiographic Changes.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Indian patients with cirrhosis do have diastolic dysfunction. In the absence of other risk factors for cardiac disease, this dysfunction can be attributed only to cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. There is no correlation of cardiac status with severity of liver dysfunction.
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Background: Orthodontic pain usually appears hours after the force is applied. Methods employed for pain relief include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vibratory stimulation, chewing gum, anaesthetic gel, bite wafers, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and low level laser therapy. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a single dose of low level laser therapy on pain associated with elastomeric separators. Methods: The sample comprised 30 patients. Elastomeric separators were placed mesial and distal to the permanent first molars in all quadrants. Both arches were divided into experimental and control sides. The experimental sides were treated with low-level laser therapy. The other side received placebo laser therapy without turning on the laser. A numeric rating scale was used to assess the intensity of spontaneous pain, pain after chewing, brushing, drinking water and warm drinks for five days. Results: There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the laser and the placebo groups on spontaneous pain perceived by the patients for all 5 days. Conclusion: A single application of laser with a gallium aluminium- arsenic diode laser with a 980-nm wavelength can reduce orthodontic pain associated with the placement of separators
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Introduction: Antimicrobial-resistant HAI (Healthcare associated infection) are a global challenge due to their impact on patient outcome. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (AMSP) is needed at institutional and national levels. Assessment of core capacities for AMSP is an important starting point to initiate nationwide AMSP. We conducted an assessment of the core capacities for AMSP in a network of Indian hospitals, which are part of the Global Health Security Agenda-funded work on capacity building for AMR-HAIs. Subjects and Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's core assessment checklist was modified as per inputs received from the Indian network. The assessment tool was filled by twenty hospitals as a self-administered questionnaire. The results were entered into a database. The cumulative score for each question was generated as average percentage. The scores generated by the database were then used for analysis. Results and Conclusion: The hospitals included a mix of public and private sector hospitals. The network average of positive responses for leadership support was 45%, for accountability; the score was 53% and for key support for AMSP, 58%. Policies to support optimal antibiotic use were present in 59% of respondents, policies for procurement were present in 79% and broad interventions to improve antibiotic use were scored as 33%. A score of 52% was generated for prescription-specific interventions to improve antibiotic use. Written policies for antibiotic use for hospitalised patients and outpatients were present on an average in 72% and 48% conditions, respectively. Presence of process measures and outcome measures was scored at 40% and 49%, respectively, and feedback and education got a score of 53% and 40%, respectively. Thus, Indian hospitals can start with low-hanging fruits such as developing prescription policies, restricting the usage of high antibiotics, enforcing education and ultimately providing the much-needed leadership support.
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Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and the care of patients with diabetes and DN contributes significantly to health care costs. The objective of this present study was to determine prevalence of nephropathy in type2 diabetes and associated factor.Method: The present cross sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic subjects who attended the outpatient and inpatient wards of medicine department in GSL General Hospital from November 2015 to April 2017. Protocol approval was taken from institutional ethical committee and Informed consent from the study subjects was taken.Result: In this study the overall prevalence of nephropathy in type 2 DM was 44.7% (67 cases). The prevalence of nephropathy was similar in both males (44.3%) and Females (45.1%). and significant association was not found between gender and nephropathy. On apply of chi-square test, association was not found to be statistically significant for Sex (p=0.9), and ECG (p=0.07), whereas association was found to be statistically significant for HbA1C (p=0.04), Dyslipidemia (p=0.006), and USG (p=0.001).Conclusion: There is significant evidence to support the conclusion that microalbuminuria or proteinuria in patients with diabetes is a potential risk factor not only for kidney function impairment but also a marker for high risk of cardiovascular complications.
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Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common preventable cause of maternal mortality in developing countries. The present study aimed to examine the impact of cervical traction technique in reducing the amount of postpartum blood loss and rate of PPH.Methods: This was a case-control, pilot study conducted in a tertiary hospital between June 2017 to June 2018. A total of 200 singletons, low-risk pregnant females, undergoing normal vaginal delivery, were enrolled in this study. Subjects showing a high risk for PPH were excluded. Patients were randomized as case group (n=100) and control group (n=100). The case group received sustained traction for 90 seconds to anterior and posterior lip of the cervix with active management of the third stage of labor, whereas the control group received routine active management of the third stage of labor. All subjects were followed up for 6 hours post-delivery. The amount of blood loss, hematocrit and hemoglobin post-delivery were compared between both groups.Results: The mean blood loss (ml), decrease in hemoglobin (g/L) and decrease in hematocrit post-delivery in cases were significantly low compared to controls (207±37.6 versus 340±49, P<0.01), (0.78±0.2 versus 1.4±0.3, P=0.03) and (1.7±0.2 versus 3.5±0.2, P<0.01). PPH occurred in 7 of 200 (3.5%) patients. The difference in the number of PPH was not significant (5/100; 5% versus 2/100; 2% P=0.2). There were no complications reported due to cervical traction.Conclusions: Cervical traction is a simple and safe maneuver to reduce the amount of postpartum blood loss. Larger RCT is recommended to investigate the reduction in PPH rate.
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Background: The attitude of the fetal head during labour significantly influences the progress and outcome of delivery and is mainly diagnosed by vaginal examination during labour. The aim of the study was to quantify the extent of deflexion of the fetal head by measuring the fetal occiput spine angle (OSA) through transabdominal ultrasonography in the first stage of labour and to determine whether the fetal OSA can predict the mode of delivery.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on 145 nulliparous uncomplicated singleton pregnant women without occiput-posterior position of the fetus during active labour. The OSA was measured as the angle between the two tangential lines to the occipital bone and the vertebral body of the first cervical spine, during active labour and monitored until delivery. Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the OSA measurement and the correlation between the OSA and mode of delivery were also evaluated.Results: For the study population, the mean value of the OSA measured in the active phase of the first stage was 124.2±11.5⁰. The OSA measurement showed excellent intraobserver agreement (r = 0.82; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.70-0.80) and fair-to-good interobserver agreement (r = 0.62; 95% CI 0.51-0.71). The mean OSA was significantly less for the group of patients who required conversion to cesarean section due to labour arrest (n=32) as compared to those who had vaginal delivery (n=113) (116.25±9.2⁰ versus 126.53±11.1⁰, P<0.01). An OSA of ≥121° was associated with vaginal delivery in 80.5% (91/113) of women, whereas 87.5% (28/32) of the women who delivered by cesarean section had an OSA <121⁰.Conclusions: Measurement of the OSA, by sonography is feasible, reproducible and an objective tool to assess the degree of fetal head deflexion during labour and to predict the mode of delivery.
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Background: One in three adults worldwide has high blood pressure and proportion increases with age. Detecting high blood pressure is easy. Hence a study for prevalence of hypertension was conducted in an urban slum of Pune, Maharashtra.Methods: The study was conducted in an urban slum field practice area exclusively under the community medicine department of a tertiary care hospital during the period of February 2014- July 2014. Overall 1043 people fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed, and anthropometric measurements were taken, followed by blood pressure readings and awareness of own hypertensive status. Data was compiled, edited, classified, and analyzed. The prevalence of hypertensive patients was obtained and physical and behavioral risk factors were analyzed for association.Results: The prevalence of hypertension in adults above 18 years of age was 25.6% with mean age of hypertensive patients was 48.58±15.75 yrs. Hypertension was significantly associated with age, habit of adding extra salt to cooked food, family history, BMI and consumption of smokeless form of tobacco among the study participants. Hypertension was not significantly associated with gender and religion of the participants. Of the 267 hypertensives, 40.82% were aware of their hypertensive status and amongst those aware 61.46% were on anti-hypertensives.Conclusions: Hypertension is a public health problem affecting slum population as well. It is significantly associated with risk factors, which are modifiable. The awareness of hypertensive status is low, the under treatment is lower. The population in slum, with its poor literacy, low awareness and income levels provides an opportunity to make an intervention necessary as well as challenging.