Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Its Relationship With Executive Functions in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients

Objective@#The aim of this study was to compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with controls in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to examine the relationship between RNFL thickness and the level of performance in disease severity and executive function tests in ADHD cases. @*Methods@#The study included 38 volunteer patients diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy volunteers. Adult ADHD self-report scale was used for ADHD symptom severity. Executive functions were evaluated by Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test. RNFL thickness of all participants was evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT). @*Results@#In the comparison of RNFL values, it was found that right mean, right temporal, right temporal inferior, left mean, left nasal, and left nasal inferior quadrant values were statistically thinner in ADHD cases compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the mean RNFL thickness values of the right and left eyes of ADHD cases and the symptom severity and performance levels in executive function tests. @*Conclusion@#This study is a guide in terms of being the first study investigating the relationship between RNFL thickness, symptom severity, and various neuropsychological tests in adults with ADHD.

unusual bacteroides distasonis related corneal ulcer: questions to be answered

We herein present an unusual case of Bacteroides distasonis related corneal ulcer. A 70-year-old male farmer presented with decreased vision, pain and redness in the left eye that had persisted for 1 week. Ophthalmic examination was highly suggestive of keratitis with corneal ulcer. Empirical fortified antibiotic therapy with fungal coverage was started after corneal swab and microbiological sampling. Since two attempts at pathogen detection were unrevealing and there was no good sign of healing, third attempt was performed with the presence of attending microbiologist. This time, sampling for anaerobic culturing was also performed, which detected B. distasonis as the causative agent. The patient disagreed to be followed as inpatient at this point. Despite pathogen-targeted metranidazole treatment, severe corneal scarring with prominent vascularization was observed forty days after initial presentation. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of B. distasonis related corneal ulcer with a detailed clinical course. In conclusion, it is very crucial to be in close collaboration with the microbiologists to isolate unusual corneal pathogens. Corneal ulcers related with unusual bacterias should be followed up closely with hospitalization