ABSTRACT
Livestock rearing is a common practice in Tehsil Takht-e-Nasrati by the locals to earn their livelihood. Low productivity due to poor health of livestock is major consideration in the study area. In order to know whether this low productivity and poor health might be due to poor quality of forage, ten plant species were analyzed for micro mineral quantification at three phenological stages. Mineral compositions of plants are used to diagnose probable deficiencies in food and forage and nutritional status of plants. Comparison among at vegetative stage of test species and micro nutrients showed that the amount of manganese was found high [64.4mg Kg[-1]] in Chrozophora obliqua. Comparison among at reproductive and post reproductive stages of test species and micro nutrients pointed out that the amount of nickel was found high [67.24mg Kg[-1]] and [80.4mg Kg[-1]] respectively in Vitex trifolia. It is concluded that micro-minerals concentrations available in these forage plants to the grazing livestock were very low, hence this may be, one of the causes responsible for the pitiable health and productivity of the grazing animals in investigated area
ABSTRACT
The proximate analysis of ten plant species from Tehsil takht-e-Nasrati, district Karak was conducted at three phenological stages using standard techniques. The species showed variable results. In the test species, the moisture content varied from 2.11-14.12%, 1.85-11.51 and 1.12-11.51%; the ash contents varied from 3.08-17.16%, 5.09-18.12% and 6.13-19.09%; the fibre contents varied from 2.14-11.09%, 2.43-12.31% and 2.78-13.01%; the carbohydrate contents varied from 54-85.1%, [50-84.1] and 47.1-81.1%; the fat contents varied from 1.06-5.46%, 1.09-5.98% and 1.56- 6.57%; the protein contents varied from 2.11-12.41%, 3.14-15.87% and 4.12-18.54%; the energy value varied from 305.12- 394.23 KCal/100g, 314.21-423.13 KCal /100g and 321.23-434.26 KCal /100g at vegetative stage, reproductive stage and post reproductive stage respectively. Proximate analysis of such plant species can help us to determine the health benefits achieved from their use in society. It is concluded that the poor livestock productivity in research area is partially due to insufficient amount of available poor quality forage that requires attention of the range mangers to improve the habitat and livestock breeds
ABSTRACT
One hundred consecutive admissions for heroin addiction to Government Mental Hospital Peshawar, between June 1989 and December 1989, were studied. Patients were offered a ten day detoxification period. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews. All patients were male, from lower social class, who inhaled the drug. The majority [72%] were unemployed and perceived their families as supportive [62%]. Most patients [7.4%] had previously abused cannabis and had been involved in drug related offences [60%]. The average length of stay in Hospital was 7.7 days