Urethral stricture; etiology, presentation, complications, and outcome of management at Gezira state, central Sudan

The objective is to evaluate urethral strictures in term of etiological factors, presentations and management at GHRDS, Gezira State, Central Sudan. One hundred sixty patients, who were diagnosed as urethral stricture, were enrolled in this study. All patients were dealt with through a scientific stratum of a thorough work up and managed according to the EAU guidelines. The bio-data, etiological factors of strictures, presenting symptoms and signs, the pathological types and modalities of treatment were recorded and analyzed. The total number of patients was 160, only two females and the rest were males. The mean age was 46.2 +/- 2 years. The etiological factors were: post-surgical in 67 patients [41.9%], gonococcal urethritis in 48 patients [30%] followed by post traumatic stricture in 28 patients [17.5%]. Concerning the sites 41 [25.6%] patients had bulbar urethral stricture and 24 [15%] with membranous urethra strictures. One hundred forty two [88.8%] patients were treated with visual internal urethrotomy [VIU] and the outcome of treatment was comparable to the literature. The commonest etiological factors for urethral strictures in GHRDS were post-surgery followed by gonococcal urethritis. The outcome of management was comparable

Clinical presentation and histopathological patterns of renal cell carcinoma in Gezira hospital for renal diseases and surgery

Renal cell carcinoma [RCC] is the most common primary tumour of the kidney in adults, responsible for [80-85%] of renal tumours[1].Due to the absence of studies in Sudan in assessing the pattern and presentation of RCC, we conducted this retrospective study in Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery, in the period from January 2006 to January 2012. To determine the clinical presentation, pathological pattern and stages of RCC in patients who were treated in [GHRS] in the period of this study. A total of 60 patients were diagnosed as RCC in the period of six years. The disease was more common in males, with a peak incidence in the fifth and sixth decades. The classical triad were observed in 19 patients. Mean duration of symptoms was 4 months. Some patients had metastasis in the lung, bones or liver at diagnosis. Most of the patients presented with haematuria [66.6%], a small number with cervical lymphadenopathy [6.7%], lower limb edema [3.3%] and non reducible varicocele [5%]. A large number of patients presented with a palpable loin mass, in contrast incidentally diagnosed cases were few .The age of presentation is one decade earlier than that in the western world