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Introduction: The fallopian Tube or the oviduct has beennamed after Gabrielis Fallopius, who was the first to describethe tubes very accurately. It is one of the commonest surgicalspecimens received in the histopathological laboratory. It isthe commonest cause of infertility and inflammatory diseases.Malignancy of the fallopian tube is rarely encountered. Thepresent study was undertaken with the following objectivesto evaluate the histological patterns of the fallopian tube insurgically resected specimens and to determine its relationshipwith uterine or ovarian pathology.Material and Methods:A total number of 309 specimensof Fallopian tube were obtained from the patients whounderwent pan hysterectomy with salpingectomy andsalpingo-oophorectomies in Assam Medical College andHospital during the period from October 2016 to September2018. The clinical datas along with gross and microscopicfindings were studied. Incidence and prevalence of variouslesions were calculated.Results: In our study 10cases (3%) had been marked asunremarkable. 77.4% were diagnosed as Chronic Salpingitis,8.95% as Hydrosalpinx and 2.47% as Ectopic Pregnancy. Theother cases comprised mainly of Haematosalpinx andnormalhistologyConclusion: Fallopian tubes can present with differentpathological findings. Malignancies of the Fallopian Tube areuncommon but it has to be examined properly to exclude aprecursor Tubal Pathology.
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Objectives@#To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. @*Methods@#Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018-2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. @*Results@#The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (p < 0.001), non-slum urban (p < 0.001) and slum residence (p < 0.001), higher paternal education (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (p < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (p = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls. @*Conclusion@#The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. @*Methods@#Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018-2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. @*Results@#The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (p < 0.001), non-slum urban (p < 0.001) and slum residence (p < 0.001), higher paternal education (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (p < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (p = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls. @*Conclusion@#The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.
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Background: Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with reportedly undesirable harmful side effects including blood disorders, abdominal pain, ulceration and bleeding of the stomach or intestine. Objective:The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of diclofenac sodium on erythropoiesis, on stomach and liver under different conditions. Method: This experimental study on animal model was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, between July and August 2007. A total of 45 Swiss Albino mice were randomly assigned into five equal groups (n=9) and they all were fed with standard broiler pellet (25 gm/mice/day) throughout the experimental period of 40 days. Keeping 1 group as control(groupA), 4 groups were treated with diclofenac sodium @ 3 mg/kg body weight (bwt) orally in empty (group B)or full stomach with (group c) or without vitamin B12(group D) @ 10 μg/Kg body weight through intramuscular route. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) and Hb% was determined to assess erythropoiesis. Macroscopic and microscopic changes of liver and stomach were studied by standard laboratory method. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and un paired t test. Result: Oral administration of this drug significantly (p<0.01) decreased Total Erythrocyte Count(TEC) and Hb in the animals treated with diclofenac sodium in empty stomach and in the animals treated with diclofenac sodium plus vitamin B12 in empty stomach. All the treated mice showed slight to moderate congestion of the gastric mucosa and liver. Conclusion: Intake of diclofenac sodium in empty stomach may produce harmful side effect on stomach and liver.
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Ethambutol is considered to have a relative lack of toxicity. In Bangladesh, out of a total of 350 patients receiving ethambutol [25 mg to 35 mg/kg daily] for tuberculosis, 20 [5.71%] developed neuroretinal toxicity. Ten [50%] of these patients had peripheral, four [20%] central, and six [30%] mixed visual field defects. Thirteen [65%] patients recovered, with or without additional treatment, after ethambutol was stopped, but seven [35%] had irreversible damage. In several of the patients who recovered, the visual improvement began only when hydroxycobalamin was administered following the discontinuation of ethambutol. One woman mistakenly received cyanocobalamin instead of hydroxycobalamin, leading to optic atrophy and an irreversible visual loss in her. We would like to warn against the use of cyanocobalamin in patients on ethambutol