Role of jasmonic acid in improving tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to Cd toxicity / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The well-known detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on plants are chloroplast destruction, photosynthetic pigment inhibition, imbalance of essential plant nutrients, and membrane damage. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an alleviator against different stresses such as salinity and drought. However, the functional attributes of JA in plants such as the interactive effects of JA application and Cd on rapeseed in response to heavy metal stress remain unclear. JA at 50 µmol/L was observed in literature to have senescence effects in plants. In the present study, 25 µmol/L JA is observed to be a "stress ameliorating molecule" by improving the tolerance of rapeseed plants to Cd toxicity. JA reduces the Cd uptake in the leaves, thereby reducing membrane damage and malondialdehyde content and increasing the essential nutrient uptake. Furthermore, JA shields the chloroplast against the damaging effects of Cd, thereby increasing gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, JA modulates the antioxidant enzyme activity to strengthen the internal defense system. Our results demonstrate the function of JA in alleviating Cd toxicity and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, JA attenuates the damage of Cd to plants. This study enriches our knowledge regarding the use of and protection provided by JA in Cd stress.

Reasons for cancellation of operation in A235 bedded public sector hospital dedicated for gynecology and obstetrics in Lahore

Objective: to evaluate the reasons for cancellation of elective surgical operation of the patients who presents for pre-Anesthesia evaluation one day before surgery or on the day of surgery in a 235 bedded public sector hospital in Lahore

Methods: the medical records of all the patients, from 1st June 2014 to 30th May 2015, who had their operations cancelled one day before surgery or on the day of surgery in all gynecology and obstetrics units of the hospital, were audited prospectively. The number of operation cancelled and reasons for cancellation were documented in detail

Results: 2160 patients were scheduled for elective surgical procedures during the study period of one year; 204 [9.4 %] of these were cancelled one day before surgery during pre-Anesthesia fitness or on the day of surgery. The most common cause of cancellation was inadequate patient preparation. 59 [28.92%] patients were cancelled as they were not adequately prepared for surgery as per anesthetist advice [incomplete NPO, Investigations or referrals required]. The second most common cause of cancellation was the optimized medical status of the patients53 [25.98%]. 36[17.65%] cancellations were because of equipment failure/Electricity shutdown; 17 [8.33%] cancellations due to lack of operation theater time; 16 [7.85%] were cancelled due to patient's refusal/patient left against medical advice; 12 [5.88%] were cancelled by the surgeon due to a change in the surgical plan and 11 [5.39% ]patients were cancelled due to non-availability of surgeon

Conclusions: most causes of cancellations of operations are preventable

Nonsurgical endodontic management of cutaneously draining odontogenic sinus

Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract is a rare but well documented condition. It is usually misdiagnosed as a local skin lesion and maltreated by systemic antibiotics and/ or surgical excision with eventual recurrence. This is because the primary etiology is incorrectly determined. We came across a 38 year old patient who presented with a cutaneous lesion on her left cheek with frequent purulent discharge and was not responding to systemic antibiotics. The case history, diagnosis and management of this condition is presented here