ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: FDA recommend that botulinum toxin should be used within 4 hours after reconstruction. Because botulinum toxin is very expensive and also only small amounts of botulinum toxin are needed for one lesion, it should be used for several patients simultaneously to reduce cost. The reports on the decrease of potency according to storage temperature and duration were contradictory among the investigators. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the change of the potency in various storage temperatures and duration and, to determine the optimal conditions for storage of botulinum toxin without potency reduction. METHODS: The potency of botulinum toxin was measured by the reduction rate of tension of the injected gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats. The potency of botulinum toxin could be estimated through the comparison of the reduction rate of tension between two muscles; botulinum toxin injected muscle and normal saline injected control muscle, which was denoted as % paralysis. RESULTS: Botulinum toxin induced muscle paralysis in a dose-dependent manner. Muscle was paralysed by 9.8+/-0.6(mean+/-standard error), 10.2+/-2.7, 38.3+/-13.6, and 93.7+/-0.5% at 0(injected normal saline to both sides of gastrocnemius muscles of the same rat), 0.01, 0.1, and 1unit/0.1ml of fresh botulinum toxin injection, respectively. Percent paralyses by 1unit/0.1ml of stored botulinum toxin at 4degreeC and -20degreeC were 98.8+/-0.6% and 98.2+/-0.9% in 4 weeks, respectively. Percent paralyses by 0.1 unit/0.1 ml of stored botulinum toxin at 4degreeC and -20degreeC were 29.6+/-4.8% and 35.5+/-15.1% in 4 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION: With these findings, the authors proved that if botulinum toxin is stored in refrigerator(4degreeC) or refreezer(-20degreeC) after reconstruction, it can be used without the decrease of its potency.
Subject(s)
Humans , Botulinum Toxins , Muscle, Skeletal , Muscles , Paralysis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Research PersonnelABSTRACT
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome) is characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas, cysts of jaw and several other congenital anomalies on skeletal, neurologic and reproductive system. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We found a 12-year-old girl with multiple basal cell carcinomas, bifid ribs, palmar pits, ophthalmic hypertelorism, ectopic calcification of falx cerebri and medulloblastoma and diagnosed it as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Her 2-year-old younger sister showed no specific abnormality. We dessicated the basal cell carcinomas and nevi which were suspected to perform malignant transformation with carbon dioxide laser, and are to continue the follow-up study and treatment for patient and her family members.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Follow-Up Studies , Hypertelorism , Jaw , Lasers, Gas , Medulloblastoma , Nevus , Ribs , SiblingsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The skin lesion of dermatophytosis is best shown in the lesion of tines corporis. The most common one is an annular lesion with central clearing area. But its size and features are various according to the dermatophytes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of clinical and mycological features of tinea corporis. METHODS: The clinical features of 113 patients with tinea corporis from February to April 1998 in Catholic Skin Disease Clinic were evaluated. KOH examination and culture from the lesion were done. And dermatophytes were identified with colony morphology and microscopic findings. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female was about 1.7:1 and showed more prevalence in male. Patients with tinea corporis were the most common in the thirties. Of all 113 patients with tinea corporis, single lesion (75 cases, 66.4%) was the most common. In the size of individual lesion, 40 cases (35.4%) were larger than 10cm. The unexposed area (66.0%) was more frequently affected than exposed area (34.0%) and the most common site was buttock (32.1%). Twenty-eight cases (24.8%) had a history of contact with animals and men that were thought be to infection source. Coexisting dermatophytoses in patients with tinea corporis were noted in 66 cases that had 104 lesions of other dermatophytosis. And they were tinea pedis (34.6%), tinea unguium (33.7%), tinea cruris (15.4%) and tithe.5. From 113 patients with tinea corporis, 77 dermatophytes were isolated. They were composed of Trichophyton(T.) rubrum(67cases), T. mentagrophytes(7 cases) and Microsporum(M.) canis(3cases). In 67 cases with T. rubrum infection, 64 cases had annular type, 48 cases had single lesion and 29 cases had larger than loom in size of lesion. In 7 cases with T. mentagrophytes infection, 6 cases had annular type, 6 cases had one lesion and size of lesion was variable. In 3 cases with M. canis infection, all cases had annular type, 2 cases had single lesion and 2 cases had lesions smaller than 2cm in size. CONCLUSION: There findings suggest that clinical features were characteristic according to its causative dermatophytes.