Nutritional Risk, Perceived Health Status, and Depression of the Young-Old and the Old-Old in Low-Income Elderly Women / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the nutritional risk, health status and depression levels of young-old (65-74 years) and old-old (75-84 years) women on low-income. METHODS: A total of 624 elderly women, each over 65 years of age, participated in this study under the auspices of a community social center. Data were collected from June to August 2011 by means of personal interviews which employed questionnaires. The research tools used in this study were the nutritional risk measuring Mini Nutritional Assesment (MNA) by Kim (2000), perceived health status developed by Lawton et al. (1982), Elderly Depression Criterion developed by Sheikh & Yesavage (1985). The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 Program. RESULTS: Nutritional risk, perceived health status and depression levels showed a significant difference between young-old and old-old. There was a positive correlation between nutritional risk and depression and a negative correlation between nutritional risk and perceived health status. A 38.2% variance in depression levels of young-old and a 29.7% variance in depression levels of old-old were explained by perceived health status, nutritional risk and the number of people living together. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate variances in depression levels among low - income women differing in age. As a result, the outcomes of this study ought to be employed in the development of future programs aimed at promoting the health of elderly women.

Effects of a Health Diary Program on Fall-Related Outcomes in Low-Income Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis / 農村醫學 地域保健

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of a health diary program on fall related outcomes the low-income elderly women. METHODS: The study was carried out with a nonequivalent control group with pretest-posttest design. The study was composed of two groups, each made up of 24 subjects: experimental group and control group. The subjects were low-income women aged over 65 years with osteoarthritis and both the experimental and control groups were made up of subjects with the same age profiles. The independent variable was the health diary program, and the dependent variables were fall related outcomes (fear of falling, fall-efficacy, knowledge of fall) difficulty of performing activity, and mood state. The health diary program was performed for 50 minutes each session and twice a week for 8 weeks. Data were collected before the health diary program 10 weeks after the beginning of the program. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant differences in knowledge of fall, fear of falling, and mood state compared to the control group. However there was no significant differences in difficulty of performing activity and fall efficacy. CONCLUSION: The results of this study may be used as part of an education to prevent falls for low-income elderly women with osteoarthritis.

The Effect of Health Promotion Program in Vulnerable Women with Osteoarthritis

PURPOSE: This study was to develop and evaluate a health promotion program for women with osteoarthritis. METHODS: The research adopted the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 34 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group sampled among vulnerable women aged over 40. The independent variable was the health promotion program, and the dependent variables were perceived health status, balance, K-WOMAC, depression, life satisfaction and health promoting behavior. The health promotion program was performed for 50minutes each session, twice a week and for 8 weeks. Data were collected from July 1 to September 11, 2010. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant differences in perceived health status, balance, WOMAC pain, WOMAC difficulty of performing activity, depression, and health promoting behavior compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in WOMAC stiffness, waist, weight, and life-satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the health promotion program can be applied in degenerative arthritis education to improve self-care.

Factors Related to Health Promoting Behaviors of Young-Old and Old-Old Elderly in Rural Areas / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of health promoting behaviors and the significant factors in rural elderly(young-old vs old-old). METHODS: The data was collected using structured questionnaires from June 22th to Sep. 18th, 2009. A total of 556 elderly aged 65 years or over were selected from 14 rural districts in C province, South Korea. Age was divided into two groups as below 65-74 and 75 or older. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the demographic characteristics, their perceived health status, the difficulty of activities of daily living, quality of life, self-efficacy and health promoting behaviors. The health promoting behaviors included nutrition, stress management, interpersonal support, exercise, health responsibility and self-actualization. The scores for health promoting behaviors were used mean and standard deviation. The data was analyzed using SPSS Win 12.0. RESULTS: Of the 556 subjects, we found that the young-old(65-74 aged) were 359 and the old-old elderly(over 75 aged) were 197. We found that the level of health promoting behavior was higher for young-old (2.75+/-0.374) compared to old-old elderly people (2.67+/-0.399). In multiple linear regression, quality of life, self-efficacy, living with spouse, and number of generation living together for the young-old, and quality of life for old-old elderly were significantly associated with health promoting behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicate that there are age differences in associated factor of health promoting behaviors. Therefore our findings may provide useful assistance in developing effective intervention programs to improve health promoting behavior of the elderly in rural areas according to their age differences.

Comparison of Health Promotion Behavior in Middle aged Rural Residents by Cancer Screening Participation

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare health promotion behavior in middle-aged rural residents by cancer screening participation. METHODS: Data were collected from 508 rural residents during the period from April 6 to June 6, 2009 using structured questionnaires, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS: The cancer screening rate was 50.2%. The rate was significantly different according to sex, educational level, marital status, private insurance, family cancer history, smoking, drinking, perceived health status, and health concern. Men showed the highest screening rate in gastroscopy for stomach cancer, and women in pap smear test for cervical cancer. Pap smear test for cervical cancer showed the highest regular screening rate (4.3%). The average score of health promotion behavior was 2.65+/-0.35. Health promotion behavior was significantly different according to cancer screening participation, health responsibility, stress management, and self actualization. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that there may be differences in health promotion behavior among middle-aged rural residents according to their cancer screening participation. A further study is necessary to find effective interventions for the non-cancer screening group.

Quality of Life, Perceived Health Status, Pain, and Difficulty of Activity of Daily Living of Degenerative Arthritis Patient in Island Residents / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify and relationships among quality of life, perceived health status, pain and difficulty of daily activity with degenerative arthritis living in island residents. METHODS: The participants were 601 degenerative arthritis patients. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from June 23th to Oct. 08th, 2008 and analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square-test, Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean quality of life score was 115.87, perceived health status was 4.40, pain was 6.31 and difficulty of daily activity was 77.62. On the demographic variables, age, living arrangement, level of economics showed significant difference for the quality of life and sex and age showed significant difference for the perceived health status, pain, difficulty of daily activity. On the disease-related variables, duration of disease, use of analgesic drug showed significant difference for the dependent variables. There was a significant positive correlation among the quality of life, perceived health status, significant negative correlation pain and difficulty of daily activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that nursing intervention program including pain reduction, enhancing the perceived health status, ADL abilities and quality of life were necessary for the osteoarthritis patients in island residents

Cancer Screening and Influencing Factors in a Island Residents / 종양간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the cancer screening rates and influence factors in island residents. METHODS: The participants were 1,223 Shinan gun island residents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from June 23th to September 8th, 2007 and analyzed using the SAS win 12.0 program. RESULTS: The cancer screening rate was 49.9%. There were significant differences for sex, age, living with family, economic level, smoking, exercise, private health insurance, familial history, health concern. The highest practice rate was of stomach cancer (55.9%), which is gastric endoscopic exam. The most common motivation of getting a screening test was the concern of health (40.8%), and many had no recommender of the screening test (30.0%). 58.4% of the subjects were satisfied with the screeing tests and the most frequent reason of the satisfaction was 'rapid result report' (33.1%). The msot common reason of unsatisfaction was 'long waiting time' (25.7%). Most participants agreed with the necessity of cancer screening (74.9%). More than half participants said they would participate in another cancer screening tests in the future (51.9%). Private health insurance, exercise, health concern and smoking showed significant predictors (20.6%) of obtaining cancer screening. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that health care professionals should give more attention to help the residents obtain cancer screening tests. A further study is necessary to develop any effective intervention for people who do not practice cancer screening tests.

The Effect of a Health Diary Program in Solitary Elderly / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to develop and to evaluate a health diary program for solitary elderly. METHODS: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 30 subjects the experimental group and 54 in the control group among solitary elderly over age 65. The independent variable was the health diary program, and the dependent variables were perceived health status, ADL, IADL, Blood pressure, blood sugar, quality of life, self efficacy and health promoting behaviors. The health diary program was performed for 50minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks. Data was collected from April 3 to June 23, 2006. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant difference in perceived health status, blood sugar, ADL, IADL, quality of life, self efficacy, and health promotion behaviors than the control group. There were no significant differences in systolic & diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: A health diary program showed good effects on improving health status, quality of life, self efficacy, and health promotion behaviors. Therefore, we recommend this program be utilized as a health promoting program for the solitary elderly in the community.

Comparison of Health Promoting Behavior in Rural Elderly by Complementary Alternative Medicine Utilization / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: To compare the health promoting behavior in rural elderly people by complementary alternative medicine(CAM) utilization. METHODS: The data were collected from March 06th to May 26th, 2006. The participants were 207 rural elderly persons in Korea. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with the SAS win 8.0 program. RESULTS: The rate of using CAM was 60.9%. Non-religious, perceived poor health and high concerns about health group used it more. The most common type was oriental medicine(35.7%), the most common motive was body protection(21.2%) and major source of information was other patients(35.9%). Almost all the subjects(90%) were satisfied with using CAM. The average score for the health promoting behavior was 2.67+/-.32(range 1.65-3.71). The average scores for each subscale were, personal communication 2.98, self-actualization 2.79, nutrition 2.78, health responsibility 2.58, exercise 2.40, stress management 2.38. Significant differences in health promoting behavior were found according to CAM utilization: personal communication ,self actualization. CONCLUSION: There were differences health promoting behavior between the elderly CAM utilization: Systemic guidelines of CAM use are needed.

Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction the Elderly living alone / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to identify factors that influence the life satisfaction of solitude elderly. METHOD: The subject were 100 homebound the elderly living alone(age=76.58) who were live in M city located in Jeollanamdo. Data were collected from June 1 to September 30, 2002. The instrument used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, residential environment, MUNSH, Health Self-rating scale, ADL, loneliness and POMS. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and stepwise Multiple Regression. RESULT: In general the perceived health status was poor, but ADL was moderate., loneliness was high but mood and life satisfaction were low. In regression analysis, life satisfaction was significantly influenced by mood(51%), ADL(4%), loneliness(3%), and perceived health status(1%). These variables explained 59% of the variances in the life satisfaction.CONCLUSION: The result suggests that health care professionals should give more attention to helping the elderly raise their life-satisfaction. A further study is necessary to find out an effective nursing intervention for a better those in a comfortable residential environment, decreasing the loneliness and to promoting the mood for those elderly who live alone.

Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction the Elderly living alone / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to identify factors that influence the life satisfaction of solitude elderly. METHOD: The subject were 100 homebound the elderly living alone(age=76.58) who were live in M city located in Jeollanamdo. Data were collected from June 1 to September 30, 2002. The instrument used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, residential environment, MUNSH, Health Self-rating scale, ADL, loneliness and POMS. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and stepwise Multiple Regression. RESULT: In general the perceived health status was poor, but ADL was moderate., loneliness was high but mood and life satisfaction were low. In regression analysis, life satisfaction was significantly influenced by mood(51%), ADL(4%), loneliness(3%), and perceived health status(1%). These variables explained 59% of the variances in the life satisfaction.CONCLUSION: The result suggests that health care professionals should give more attention to helping the elderly raise their life-satisfaction. A further study is necessary to find out an effective nursing intervention for a better those in a comfortable residential environment, decreasing the loneliness and to promoting the mood for those elderly who live alone.

Factors Influencing Health Care Needs of Solitude Elderly / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to identify factors that influence the health care needs of that over 65 years of age in Mokpo, Korea. METHOD: The data was collected from June 2002 to September 2002. The subjects were 120 homebound solitude elderly(age=76.8). Subjects were interviewed with structured questionnaire in order to identify the health care needs, health variables (perceived health status, risk of malnutrition, K-IADL), psychological variables(self-esteem, depression) and demographic variables. physiological health variables (height, weight, blood pressure, pulse, blood sugar)were assessed after the interview. RESULT: In general perceived health status was poor, risk of malnutrition was high, number of disease was 3 disease, self-esteem was low but depression was high and health care needs were relatively high. Among the elderly education & counseling needs topped the list. In regression analysis, health care needs were significantly influenced by IADL(23%), duration of solitudes(4%), sex(3%), and education(1%). These variables explained 31% of the variances in health care needs. CONCLUSION: The result identified that health care needs should be a considered in IADL, female, duration of solitudes and education for the solitude elderly.

A Survey of Utilization of Complementary Alternative Medicine in Diabetes Mellitus / 간호학회지

In our country, patients with diabetes mellitus are searching for complementary treatments to recover from illness, while they received treatments from the doctor. However, have been evaluated or investigated systematically. This study was carried out to explore application of complementary treatments for patients with DM. For this survey, questionnaires were developed by researchers and the data was collected from July to October of 1999. Among the 223 subjects, there is one general hospital, one oriental hospital, 15 area C.H.P, ahd 2 area health centers. The results were as follows: 1. The total number of cases was 223 and the average age was 62.85 years old and average duration of DM was 8.1 years. The number of patients who had experience with alternative therapies was 145 (65%). The number of those who have not undergone treatments was 78 (35%). 2. The 43.5% of experienced CAM were advised family and relatives. Only 30.3% approved the effect of CAM and 52.5% said that If another a new CAM is introduced, they will try it. 4. Ninety three kinds of complementary treatments were used. Among the used items, 63.7% was various types of plants, 21.6% was animal material and 14.7% was the mixed group. As a single item, Bombyx Mori (Silkworm) was the most frequently used (10.5%) followed by the bean, mushroom, Morus bombycis (mulberry), Ginseng, Commelina Communis (Dalgaebi), Chinese medicine, root of Rosa rugosa (Haedangwha). 5. Among the used items, Trichosanthes kirilowii Max. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Commelina Communis, Aralia elata, pine needle, mulberry fruit, root of Rosa rugosa. Ginseng, Lycii Fructus, Dioscorea radix, Polygonatum odoratum, Cassia tora L, Bombyx Mori, loach, Crucian carp were based upon the pharmacological function of effect for control of diabetes mellitus symptom. 6. In the analysis of the relationships between the general characters of the patients with new complementary alternative medicine try and hospital treatment; 1) The shorter group suffered from DM (p=.038), poor Self-MBG (p=.037) and wanted to try new complementary alternative medicine. 2) The group of DM education experience were carried out hospital treatment well (p=.045). In conclusion, further study will be required for the patients experience using alternative therapies as the D-M in terms of holistic view of patients.

The Study on Health Behavior and Influence Factor Among Middle-aged Women / 성인간호학회지

This study was the done to describe health behavior and determine affecting factors in middle aged women. The subjects of this study were 306 middle aged women, living in M city, during the period from June 28th to August. 31st 1999. The instruments for this study were Health Behavior Assesment tool developed by Kim (1998), Self esteem scale developed by Rosenberg(1965), the perceived health status scale by Lawston, et al.(1982), the Quality of life by Ro(1988), the attitude toward Climacteric symptom by Ji(1983). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The result of this study are as follows; 1. The total mean score for Health behavior was 2.51(range 1-4). The mean scores on the subscale were 2.83 for nutrition, 2.81 for stress management, 2.71 for limitation of liking in the menstrual group, health behavior was 2.64. The mean scores on the subscale were 2.98 for nutrition, 2.85 for stress management, 2.82 for limitation of liking, 2.80 for energy conservation in the menopausal group, 2. The mean scores for cognitive-perceptual variables in the menstrual group were perception of health status: 2.61, quality of life: 3.17, self-esteem: 2.59, and attitude for climacteric symptom: 3.02. In the menopausal group the scores were perception of health status: 2.41, quality of life: 3.10, self-esteem: 2.62, attitude for climacteric symptom: 3.06. 3. Health behavior and self-esteem(r=.269, p=.000; r=.205, p=.042), attitude for climacteric symptom(r=.192, p=.005; r=.545, p=.000), quality of life(r=.385, p=.000; r= .195, p=.050) and health behavior were correlated positively, and the perception of health status and health behavior were correlated negatively(r=.-135, p=.050; r= -.207, p=.040 ) in the menstrual group and menopausal group. 4. Perception of health status, quality of life, age, self-esteem, job and marital status explained 33.7% of the variance for health behavior in the menstrual group; self-esteem and education explained 33.1% of the variance for health behavior in the menopausal group. In conclusion, health behavior should be considered when developing nursing strategies for middle-aged women, especially when dealing with perception of health status, quality of life, and self-esteem.

Comparison of Midazolam and Thiopental as an Induction Agent / 대한마취과학회지

Midazolam is a new water soluble benzodiazepine which used to induce anesthesia. The drug possesses properties similar to those of benzodiazepines(sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle-relaxant) and has low toxicity compared with thiopental which is world-wide used for induction agent. Midazolam is characterized by slow onset of action, more gradual effects on circulation, low frequency of thrombophlebitis and greater degree of antegrade amnesia. Because of these characteristics midazolam is used as an alternative induction agent. As an induction agent, in order to evaluate the properties of midazolam compared with thiopental, 60 patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I, thiopental 5 mg/kg induction group; Group II, midazolam 0.15mg/kg induction group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, induction time and recovery time were measured in each group. Frequency of the throm bophlebitis, retrograde and antegrade amnesia were evaluated. In group I, systolic blood pressure decreased significantly and pulse rate increased signifi-cantly. In group II, diastolic pressure decreased significantly and pulse rate increased signifi-cantly. Induction time and recovery time were delayed significantly in group II than group I. In group II, frequency of the thrombophlebitis was lower and antegrade amnesia was greater than group I. Retrograde amnesia did not occured in both groups. On the basis of these data, midazolam used for induction maintains hemodynamic stability, induces anesthesia smoothly, produces low frequency of the thrombophlebitis and high frequency of antegrade amnesia. Therefore it is concluded that midazolam is safe and effective induction agent and may offers an advantage over thiopental in situations where hemodynamic stability is crucial.