ABSTRACT
Cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS) is defined as the involvement of two or more of the third, fourth, fifth (V1, V2) or sixth cranial nerves or involvement of only one of them in combination with a neuroimaging-confirmed lesion in the cavernous sinus. Some cases of CSS are attributed to Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the cavernous sinus. THS is characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia due to granulomatous inflammation in the cavernous sinus. THS is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires a vigorous series of differential diagnoses, and corticosteroid therapy is known to dramatically resolve clinical findings of THS. We report a case of a patient with painful ophthalmoplegia associated with vision loss, which was suspected to be THS. This patient followed a relatively typical clinical course of THS on steroid pulse therapy. We emphasize the differential diagnosis of THS, its presentation, and treatment.