Caries dental y desarrollo infantil temprano: Estudio piloto / Dental caries and early childhood development: a pilot study

Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre caries dental y desarrollo infantil temprano en niños de 3 años de Talca, Chile. Pacientes y Método: Estudio piloto, con una muestra por conveniencia de niños de 3 años de Talca (n = 39) que asisten a centros de salud públicos. El desarrollo infantil se midió utilizando el Test de Desarrollo Psicomotor (TEPSI), instrumento de cribado utilizado a nivel nacional en preescolares para evaluar las áreas de desarrollo de lenguaje, motricidad fina y coordinación. La caries dental se midió a través de los índices ceod y ceos. Los niños se dividieron en dos grupos según la puntuación del TEPSI: aquellos con puntuación de 40 o más fueron considerados con desarrollo normal (n = 32) y aquellos con puntuación inferior a 40, con desarrollo alterado (n = 7). Resultados: La gravedad de la caries (ceod) se correlacionó negativamente con el resultado del TEPSI (r = -0,82), los niños con puntuaciones más bajas de TEPSI obtenían valores más elevados en el ceod. La puntuación promedio en el ceod para los niños con desarrollo normal fue de 1,31, y de 3,57 para los niños con desarrollo alterado. Conclusión: Este estudio piloto indica que la gravedad de la caries dental se correlaciona con el desarrollo infantil temprano.

Objective: To investigate the association between dental caries and early childhood development in 3-year-olds from Talca, Chile. Method: A pilot study with a convenience sample of 3-year-olds from Talca (n = 39) who attend public healthcare centers. Child development was measured by the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI), a screening tool used nationally among pre-school children to assess language development, fine motor skills and coordination areas. Dental caries prevalence was evaluated by decayed, missing, filled teeth (DFMT) and decayed, missing, filled tooth surfaces (DFMS) ceo-d and ceo-s indexes. The children were divided into two groups according to the PDIscore: those with a score of 40 or more were considered developmentally normal (n = 32), and those with a score below 40 were considered as having impaired development (n = 7). Results: The severity of caries (DMFT) was negatively correlated with PDI (r = -0.82), and children with the lowest TEPSI score had the highest DFMT values. The average DMFT in children with normal development was 1.31, and 3.57 for those with impaired development. Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that the severity of dental caries is correlated with early childhood development.

Aislamiento de bacterias periodontop ticas desde hemocultivos y ateromas obtenidos de pacientes con aterosclerosis y periodontitis / Isolation of periodontal bacteria from blood samples and atheromas in patients with atherosclerosis and periodontitis

Background: Periodontitis is a common oral disease produced by bacterial species that reside in the subgingival plaque. These microorganisms have been associated to atherosclerosis and it is suggested that periodontitis is a cardiovascular risk factor. Aim: To isolate periodontal bacteria from blood and atheroma samples, from patients with atherosclerosis and periodontitis. Material and methods: Twelve patients with periodontitis and a clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis and 12 patients with periodontitis but without atherosclerosis were studied. Blood samples were obtained immediately before and after scaling and root planing. The samples were incubated in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. One week after scaling, atheromatous plaques were obtained during endarterectomy in the 12 patients with atherosclerosis. These were homogenized and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Microorganisms were identified by means ofPCR. Results: Five patients with and two without atherosclerosis, had bacteremia after scaling and root planing. Bacterial species isolated from blood samples were the same found in periodontic pockets. Four atheromatous plaques of patients with bacteremia yielded positive cultures. The isolated bacteria were the same found in blood samples and periodontal pockets. Conclusions: Bacteremia occurred in seven of 24 patients after scaling and root planing. In four patients, the same species found in periodontic pockets and blood cultures were detected in atherosclerotic plaques obtained one week after the dental procedure.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos en población adulta de Talca, Chile, 2005 / Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in adult from Talca, Chile

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has several traditional risk factors (RF), and some of them are potentially modifiable. Aim: To determine the prevalence of most common risk factors in adult population in Talca in Central Chile. Subjects and methods: We studied 1007 subjects aged 18 to 74 years (66 percent women), living in Talca, selected by a probability sampling. They answered a questionnaire and anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile and blood glucose were measured. Results: Thirty seven percent of subjects smoked, 70.1 percent had a body mass index over 25 kg/m² and 41 percent had an abnormally high circumference. High blood pressure was found in 37 percent (36 percent of these subjects were unaware of this condition), 44.5 percent had hypercholesterolemia, 21.5 percent had low HDL cholesterol, 40.1 percent had hypertriglyceridemia and 26.3 percent had high blood glucose levels. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of risk factors for CVD in adult population from Talca. The prevalence of risk factors is higher than that reported by the 2003 National Health Survery.

Aislamiento de cepas de Escherichia coli desde casos clínicos de infección vaginal: asociación con otros microorganismos y susceptibilidad antibacteriana / Presence of E. coli in vaginal fluids of women with vaginal infection and its antimicrobial susceptibility

Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de Escheríchia coli en fluidos vaginales de mujeres con infección vaginal y analizar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Método: Se estudiaron 425 muestras de mujeres con diagnóstico clínico de infección vaginal (casos) y 100 mujeres sanas (controles). Las muestras vaginales fueron estudiadas mediante los criterios de Amsel y Nugent. Se utilizaron diferentes metodologías para identificar: Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Gardnerella vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Myco-plasma hominis, Urea plasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mobiluncus sp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, enterobacterias, bacilos Gram negativo anaerobios estrictos, Lactobacillus sp. y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo. Resultados: Se observaron 160 casos de vaginitis y 265 de vaginosis. En los primeros predominó C. albicans y T. vaginalis, aislándose 27 cepas de E. coli en los casos de vaginosis, G. vaginalis y E.E. coli fueron los más comunes. La mayor asociación se observó entre G. vaginalis y E. coli . En 47 casos se aisló únicamente E. coli , y en los controles se observaron 6 cepas de E. coli . El estudio caso-control demostró un OR: 4,7 (95 por ciento IC: 1,91-12,27). Sobre el 90 por ciento de las cepas aisladas de E. coli demostró sensibilidad a cefotaxima, ciprofloxacino y amikacina. Conclusión: E. coli de aislados monomicrobianos podría tener un rol potencial en la patogenia de la infección vaginal.

Objective: To determine the presence of Escheríchia E. coli vaginal fluids of women with vaginal infection and to study its antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods: 425 samples of women with clinical diagnosis of vaginal infection (cases) and 100 healthy women were studied (controls). The vaginal samples were studied by means of the criteria of Amsel and Nugent. Different methodologies were used to identify: Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Gardnerella vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplas-ma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mobiluncus sp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, enterobacterias, strict anaerobic Gram negative bacilli, Lactobacillus sp. and coagulase negative Staphylococcus. Results: 160 cases of vaginitis and 265 of vaginosis were observed. In vaginitis predominated C. albicans and T vaginalis, and were isolated 27 E.E. coli strains. In the bacterial vaginosis, G. vaginalis and E. coli were the most common. The greater association was observed between G. vaginalis and E. coli . In 47 cases singleE. coli was isolated. In the controls 6E. coli strains were observed. The study of case-control demonstrated a OR: 4.7 (95 percent Cl: 1.91-12.27). Isolated E. coli demonstrated sensitivity over 90 percent to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Conclusion: SingleE. coli isolated could have a potential role in the pathogenia of the vaginal infection.