ABSTRACT
Aims: To understand the role of the interannual variability of cumulative rainfall and maximum dry sequences in cocoa production in the Centre-Ouest, one of the cocoa basins in Côte d'Ivoire, in order to propose technical routes more adapted to current rainfall conditions. Study Design: Collection, analysis and processing of daily rainfall data collected by the rain gauges at Divo and Gagnoa stations. Location and Duration of Studies: Divo Cocoa Research Station of the National Center for Agricultural Research, between January 2017 and June 2019. Methodology: The rainfall regime of each locality was determined to assess the impact of rainfall changes on the seasonality of rainfall. The interannual variability of rainfall was studied from the reduced centred rainfall indices. The break years in the time series were detected at both stations from the Khrono Stat software. The interannual cumulative rainfall were analysed for each station and compared to the minimum threshold allowed for cocoa trees. The means of the maximum interannual dry sequences and their probabilities of occurrence were determined using the agrometeorological software called Instat + Version 3.37. Results: The rainfall regime in the area studied (west-central Côte d'Ivoire) has not been modified by the post-rupture rainfall recession as is the case in other parts of the country; it remains a bimodal system characterized by two rainy seasons and two dries during the year. The Divo and Gagnoa regions have been facing a general recession in rainfall since 1966 in Gagnoa and 1972 in Divo. However, the locality of Gagnoa has experienced an increase in rainfall since 2000. Most of the rupture detection tests identified rainfall rupture dates identical to those indicated by the interannual variability highlighted by the rainfall indices. In Gagnoa and Divo, the interannual cumulative rainfalls after the years of rainfall break are reduced compared to those before these rainfall accidents. This situation has led to an increase in the maximum interannual dry sequences in the departments studied. Conclusion: Local climate change has created difficult rainfall conditions after years of rainfall break for cocoa trees as their water needs are increasingly reduced, especially in Divo in Lôh-Djiboua where the downward trend in rainfall has been continuous since 1972. In Gagnoa since the beginning of this century, there has been a new wet period that allows rainfall to adequately meet the cocoa tree's water requirements.
ABSTRACT
Notre travail est une etude comportant une enquete prospective sur une periode de six mois (de septembre 2003 a fevrier 2004) portant sur l'analyse de 902 Comptes rendus d'examens echographiques de l'unite d'echographie du CHR de San-Pedro et une enquete prospective portant sur l'entretien avec 74 prescripteurs du district sanitaire dudit departement. Son but essentiel est de montrer l'interet de l'echographie dans un district sanitaire provincial. Il ressort de cette etude que l'echographie affirme de plus en plus son efficacite dans l'exploration obstetricale; abdominale; pelvienne; testiculaire; mammaire; thyroidienne; parotidienne et des tissus mous. Malheureusement; l'echographie n'a pas ete exploitee dans un but therapeutique ou interventionnel durant la periode de notre etude. Le district sanitaire de San-Pedro dispose d'un echographe pour 60.574 habitants et d'un radiologue pour 242.188 habitants. Les patients provenaient pour la plupart de la ville de San-Pedro (71.73pour cent). C'etait le plus souvent des adolescents et des adultes jeunes (84;92pour cent) de sexe feminin (82;71pour cent) avec une forte prevalence de l'echographie pelvienne chez les femmes et de l'echographie abdominale chez les hommes. Les explorations obstetricales etaient les plus frequentes avec 44.35pour cent des cas; suivies des explorations pelviennes feminines et des explorations abdominales respectivement avec 29.27pour cent et 21;40pour cent des cas. Les atteintes annexielle uterines dominaient la pathologie pelvienne (60;81pour cent) avec une prevalence des dystrophies ovariennes (71;09pour cent) des cas. Au niveau abdominal; les affections hepatiques etaient les plus frequentes (30;81pour cent) avec une predominance des hepatomegalies homogenes (52.16pour cent des cas). 63;51pour cent des prescripteurs etaient satisfaits des prestations echographiques. Pour 45pour cent d'entre eux le cout constitue un obstacle a la prescription de l'examen echographiques. L'echographie constitue une source de rentabilite financiere de l'ordre 1.6. Outre sa rentabilite financiere et diagnostique; l'echographie est interessante innocuite et ses depenses de fonctionnement faibles. Son installation dans un hospitalier regional rapproche les populations de l'un des moyens d'exploration en imagerie medicale les plus adaptes aux diagnostics de pathologies frequemment rencontrees