[Risk factors in ectopic pregnancy: a case - control study]

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing due to artificial reproductive technology and increasing rate of sexual transmitted diseases. Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester and it reduces the chance of future successful pregnancy. Identifying the risk factors can help to reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity due to early diagnosis and on time treatment. This study was carried out to assess the risk factors in ectopic pregnancy in northern, Iran. This case control study was carreid out on 150 patients with ectopic pregnancy as cases and 300 women with normal pregnancy as controls. The subjects were selected from teaching hospital in Babol in northern Iran, during 2005-09. The risk factors include history of tubal surgery, ectopic pregnancy, cesarean section, pregnancy with IUD, infertility, assisted fertility with IUI, multiple partener, pre-eighteen years marriages were recorded for each subject by direct interview and file. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and Chi-Square and exat Fisher tests. Theraputic assisted fertility with IUI [95% CI: 3.02-185.09, OR: 23.6, P<0.05], previous ectopic pregnancy [95% CI: 1.90-73.94, OR: 8.19, P<0.05] and cesarean section history [95% CI: 1.1-2.6, OR: 1.7, P<0.05] increased the possibility of ectopic pregnancy. There was not significant differnces between pre- eighteen years marriages, infertility history and multiple partener in cases compared to controls. This study showed that assisted fertility with IUI, previous tubal surgery, pregnancy with IUD, previous ectopic pregnancy and cesarean section are the main risk factors of ectopic pregnancy in northern, Iran

Outcomes of total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomy

There is still controversy about the best technique for hysterectomy to reduce postoperative adverse effects. This randomized clinical study in Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran, compared some clinical complications and sexual functioning following subtotal [SAH] and total abdominal hysterectomy [TAH]. A total of 150 women [50 allocated to SAH and 100 to TAH] were followed up at 6 months postoperatively. Length of hospitalization was 4.40 [SD 1.90] days after SAH and 4.48 [SD 1.67] days after TAH. Haemoglobin level, postoperative fever, symptoms of dyspareunia and frequency of sexual intercourse were not significantly different between the 2 groups of women. SAH did not show any significant benefits over TAH

Comparison of early pregnancy outcome with and without premature rupture of membrane

Preterm labor is associated with a high rate of mortality for mother and neonate that may be with or without premature rupture of membrane [PPROM]. The goal of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcome in these two conditions, thus with prediction of condition of the mother and neonate to provide necessary care for them to decrease maternal and neonatal complications. This descriptive, analytical and cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients with PPROM [group 1] and 100 patients without PPROM [group 2] in Yahyanejad hospital in Babol. Apgar score at 1st and 5th minutes, need to neonatal resuscitation and referring neonates to NICU and also the rate of chorioamnionitis and maternal cesarean were compared in two groups.The apgar score of

[Investigation of abnormal histology and cytology of cervix]

Background and Objective: Pap smear is the first diagnostic step of pre-invasive lesion. Its sensitivity is 85%. Colposcopic and histologic evaluation for diagnosis is recommended. The aim of this study was to compare abnormal cytologic and histologic findings

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on the patients who referred to obstetrics and gynecologic clinic of Babol Yahyanejad hospital. In patients with abnormal cytology, cervical biopsy with colposcopic examination was performed

Findings: Among 7050 patients, 74 [1.04% cases had shown abnormal Pap smear that 58 [79%] were with reactive atypia and 21% were with cancerous and invasive lesions. Prevalence of cancerous lesion was 0.22%. Abnormal histologic results were in 9 [12.2%] cases [LSIL 5.4%, HSIL 1.4%, carcinoma 5.4%]. There was a significant correlation between cytologic and histologic findings [P<0.05]

Conclusion: It is necessary to evaluate completely with colposcopy and cervical biopsy, when Pap smear is abnormal

[Seven years trend of changes in pattern of contraceptive methods in rural population of Babol, 1994-2000]

Background and Objective: the rate of using contraceptive methods in an important criteria for evaluation the performance of family planning in women aged 15-49 years. The aim of this study is to determine the 7-year trend of contraceptive methods in population of rural area in Babol

Materials and Methods: this study was performed based on the existing data in family planning program charts in area under coverage of Gatab health center in Babol from 1994 to 2000. A sample of 400 women aged 15-49 years were selected using systematic sampling technique within each year based on the list of women who had husband aged 15-49 years in family planning books. In overall, 2800 women examined during 7 years of study. The data of type of contraceptive method and the calendar year were extracted from family planning charts. We used Z-test and Chi-square test in statistical analysis

Results: the results showed that the rate of tobactomy increased significantly from 26.2% in 1994 to 36.7% in 2000 [P<0.05]. The use of condom and IUD changed from 3% to 7.5% and from 5% to 8.5% respectively. The percentage of women did not use any contraceptive method decreased from 27.5% in 1994 to 4.7% in 2000 [P<0.05]. While a significant changes neither were observed in using oral contraceptive nor withdrawal methods using 7 years

Conclusion: the rate of using confident methods of contraception increased significantly from 1994 to 2000. In spite of the relative high rate of withdrawal method and due to lack of its confidence, the more research and education for shifting its user to modern form of contraceptive is necessary