[Survey of postoperative hemorrhage after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children]

Tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, is the most common surgical operations which is performing in the field of ear, pharynx and nose. The most common serious complication following tonsillectomy is postoprative hemorrhage that it could threat patient's life and occurs intraoperatively, immediate postoperatively [within 24 hours post-operation] or delayed [24 hours after operation]. The current survey was a cross- sectional study, which performed according to the records of patients who had an adenotonsillectomy and involved with hemorrhage after the surgery in Tabriz children hospital from April 1999 to June 2002. In addition, the patients were needed for a surgery with general anesthesia to control the hemorrhage. Postoperative hemorrhage was observed in 17 out of total 1107 patients [1.53%] and the most common indication of surgery was both infective and obstructive causes. 94.1% of these patients involved with primary hemorrhage and the cause of hemorrhage was disorder in hemostasis in 70.6% of patients. The most common ages of hemorrhage was 8 and 12. By establishment of exact hemostasis following surgery and the control of tansillar fossa and nasopharynx for remaining tissues, hemorrhage could be decreased. In addition, the rate of mortalily after surgery could be significantly decreased by the control of patients for the first 24 hours after surgery, that it says, the control of vital signs and tonsillar fossa for probability of hemorrhage and its treatment

Study of pharyngeal and esophageal foreign bodies in adults in Tabriz Imam Khomeini hospital during 10 years [1373-1383]

Foreign body swallowing is a common problem in adults and because of its complications, it is an emergency case. The rate of mortality due to foreign body swallowing has decreased by medical developments. Because of its complications, it requires to be diagnosed and treated earlier and this is provide by history, physical examination, radiological studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharyngeal and eophageal foreign bodies in Adults in Tabriz Imam Khomeini Hospital. This study has been done on the base of medical documents of patients in the hospital. 210 patients hospitalized in Tabriz Imam Khomeini hospital with foreign body swallowing during 10 years [1373-1383] have been studied. In this study there were 210 patients, 100 women [47.6%] and 110 men [52.3%], ranging in age from 19 to 79 years. The most symptoms were Dysphagia [76.1%] and odynophagia [68.06%]. The most involved site was the proximal of esophagus under cricopharyngeal muscle and occurred in 137[65.2%] cases. The most common foreign body was bone in this study, 4.2% of cases had underlying esophageal disease. We found that delay in diagnosis or the reference of patients cause many complications such as perforation of esophagus, mediastinitis or abcess that occurred in 2 [0.9%] Cases. The complications related to endoscopy occurred in 3 [14%] Cases that were the vascular injuries, pneumothorax and mediastinitis. Our study has some similarities and differences with other studies carried out in the developed countries. We found that rigid endoscopy is reliable and cost- effective technique. The early references of patients, necessary facilities and more attention in special techniques such as endoscopy cause to decrease the secondary complication such as perforation of esophagus. We expect that physician select the true and sufficient way to treat patients with foreign body swallowing

Survay of the results of surgical treatment of otosclerosis

Otosclerosis is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in population between the ages of 15 to 50 years. The treatment of otosclerosis has been largely restricted to surgical efforts to reconstruction of the conductive hearing loss. Stapedectomy and stapedotomy have been the common surgical techniques for clinical otosclerosis and have a high success rate. Objective of this study was to investigate the results of the surgical treatment of otosclerosis. We did a retrospective study of 50 patients who had undergone stapes surgery. Among these 50 patients, 39 cases at Tehran Amir Alam hospital and 11 cases at Tabriz Emam Khomeini hospital, had been operated by a single surgeon. 32 cases were stapedotomy and 18 Cases were stapedectomy. 32% of patients had pre - operative air-bone gap of more than 40dB, the postoperative air - bone gap closure was