ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Problem Area in Diabetes [PAID] questionnaire is a tool used to identify depression and psychological distress caused by diabetes. Considering the importance of rapid screening of these patients in primary care, PAID-5 can be very helpful in this regard. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of PAID-5 for the first time in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 110 eligible patients with diabetes, admitted to Imam Hussein Hospital diabetic clinic in the city of Shahroud for one year. Having employed short and long forms of the PAID questionnaire, the present study, then, used various statistical tools including exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Roc Curve, T-Test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze the collected data. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the PAID-5 was 0.75. The correlation coefficient between the average scores of PAID-5 and PAID-20 was 0.887. The results of exploratory factor analysis for PAID-5 explain 51 % of the total variance. The cut-off point obtained for the PAID-5 questionnaire was 8. Conclusion: The results show that the short form, like the long form, enjoys appropriate reliability and validity to identify diabetes-related depression and emotional distress in Iranian diabetic patients
ABSTRACT
Complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] frequently lead to impaired social life, physical Function and daily activities in these patients and finaly the health-related quality of life [HRQL] of these patients will decrease. The aim of this study was to determine HRQL and its relationship with some demographic variables. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, 331 COPD patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences were recruited by constant sampling. Data collection tools included demographic information form and HRQL questionnaire [SF-36]. Data was analyzed using SPSS [v.16], descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and Independent t- test. The findings showed a reduction in HRQL especially in physical health dimension. Significant relationships were found between HRQL and some demographic characteristics such as gender, education level, duration of disease, type of medication and hospitalizations frequency during the past year [P <0.05]. Regarding the relationship between HRQL and some demographic variables, using appropriate caring approaches such as executing educational programs about adequate activity, breathing exercices, techniques promoting breathing pattern and right ways of using medications in COPD patients is recommended