[ walking exercise a protective factor for osteoporosis among the girls?]

Osteoporosis is a disorder for old women that can easily cause bone fractures. But exercise in long-term is being known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, especially in women. This study aims to investigate 'the effect of walking program on bone mass density which reduces bone loss and osteoporosis among girls. This is an intervening study in which 40 non-athlete females around the age of 22 were chosen. 20 of them were randomly chosen and divided into two groups: 10 thin girls and 10 obese. Pre and post tests for the two groups involved hip and spinal [L2-L4] bone mass density, body composition [weight, fat mass, fat mass percentage, lean mass] and blood parameters [serum calcium, phosphorous ,estrogen]. Experimental group performed an exercise program including 30 minutes walking with intensity of 50-75% of maximal heart rate and 3 sessions a week for the period of two months. The study findings showed that BMD in both areas in both group significantly increased [hip p=0.012, 1.1% spinal [LrL4] p=0.037, 2.3%] after 2 months. Also, walking exercise had effects on all components of body composition in obese and thin girls' [p<0.05], but there were no significant changes in blood factors among the young girls [p>0.05]. This investigation indicated that walking exercises even if in short term has great effects on increasing BMD and improving all components of body composition in young girls, therefore this study suggests that both thin and obese girls can highly reduce the risk of osteoporosis by increasing levels by increasing their daily activities

[ effect of walking exercise on the amount of fat mass and serum insulin in obese girls]

Obesity, a public health problem is growing in prevalence over the past decade. Obesity increases mortality risk and there is evidence that obesity in youth is a more powerful predictor of this risk than obesity in adulthood. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of walking exercise in order to reduce obesity in sedentary obese girls. This research was carried out on 20 non-athlete volunteer obese girls [BMI>30] between 19-25 years and then were randomly divided in two groups [Control: n=10 and Experimental: n=10]. At the beginning and after 2 months, fat mass, percent body fat and lean mass were assessed with bioelectrical impedance equipment [BIA] and serum insulin measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay [ELISA] analysis. Then the experimental group started to do exercise program which consisted of 30 minutes walking with intensity of 50%-75% of maximal heart rate, 3 sessions in a week for 2 months. The data was analyzed using t-test. The results of this study showed that walking exercise, positively reduced body fat percent and fat mass and increased lean mass in exercise group [p= 0.000]. Serum insulin also significantly decreased [p = 0.008]. This study demonstrated that a regular physical activity program such as walking exercise can significantly reduce body weight and improve serum insulin in obese girls. In conclusion, it seems that this type of training can be efficient, safe and inexpensive way in order to reduce and prevent obesity

[ effect of milk on bone density in adult girls]

Milk is long being known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and potentially beneficial for bone health particularly among Iranian populations where consumption of dairy production is low. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the physiological effect of milk consumption on bone mass density [BMD] and prevention of osteoporosis in adult girls. This investigation was performed on twenty non-athlete thin and obese girls. BMD and blood parameters were measured by routine laboratory tests at the beginning and two months later. Both groups received two glasses of semi-skimmed milk [1.5% fat; 600 mg/dl calcium] three times a week for a total duration of 2 months. The study findings showed that the BMD of hip and spinal cord [L[2]-L[4]] significantly increased in both groups after 2 months [p<0.05]. According to our data, consumption of two glasses of milk 3 times a week could remarkably increase the BMD in adult girls hence, it could be concluded that the frequent consumption of milk by both thin and obese girls can reduce the risk of osteoporosis