ABSTRACT
Background: canine parvovirus [CPV] has been incriminated as a primary pathogen related to acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. Three major antigenic variants of CPV [CPV-2a/2b/2c] have so far been identified
Objectives: this study was carried out to investigate the frequency of CPV-2 and its variants [CPV-2a/2b/2c] in a population of healthy and diarrheic dogs in the northwest of Iran
Methods: a total of 35 stool samples from healthy [n=16] and diarrheic [n=19] dogs were screened for all variants [2a, 2b, and 2c] by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] using primer pair 555for/555rev resulting in a PCR product of 583 bp in length. The resulting fragments were further digested by MboII endonuclease that selectively recognizes the restriction site "GAAGA" unique to CPV2c only. All undigested samples were subjected to PCR assays with primer pair Pab [which detects both CPV-2a and CPV-2b types] and primer pair Pb [which detects only CPV-2b type] primer pairs. The relationship of health status, breed, age, and sex and vaccination status with PCR results was analyzed using statistical tests
Results: from a total of 35 samples, 10 samples were found to be positive by 555for/555rev primers that were further analyzed by MboII digestion of PCR products. One sample was characterized as CPV-2c and nine samples were categorized as CPV-2a or CPV-2b. All nine undigested samples resulted positive by PCR using Pab primers, out of which 7 resulted positive by PCR using Pb primer pairs, indicating that they are of CPV-2b variant
Conclusions: it seems that CPV-2b is prevalent variant circulating in the northwest of Iran. Results also indicated that CPV-2a and CPV-2c are affecting dogs, which suggests constant surveillance and monitoring of CPV variants
ABSTRACT
For macroscopic and microscopic study of the Torus pyloricus and pyloric sphincter, ten fresh healthy abomasoms of oxes with the ages between 12-18 months were used. Samples were studied anatomically first dimensions of the tori pylorici were measured and then they were cut longitudinally on the lesser curvature line so that the torus pyloricus divided into two parts for histological purposed. 5x5mm samples were taken from the proximal and distal parts of the tori pylorici and pyloric sphincters and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Routine histological methods were used and 6 micro paraffin sections were stained with heamatoxylin-eosin and studied under light microscope. The lengths of the mucosa layer mucosal glands and the muscularis layer were measured by graticule. Datas were analysed statistically and examined by the Anova test. The torus pyloricus is a prominence with the enlargement of the tunica submocusa and the muscular layer. The thick layer of the tunica submocusa filled with adipose tissue and bundles of smooth muscles arised from the inner circular muscle layer. The muscularis moscusa is also extend as trabeculae around the bundles of mucosal glands and make a lobulation form to them. These structures enabled the torus pyloricus settled into and complete accumulation of the pyloric orifice when the pyloric sphincter contract. The thick circular muscle layer of the pyloric sphincter make a taft ring around the pyloric orifice. The presence a lot of elastic fibers between the muscles increased the elasticity of the sphincter related to the closuring the orifice