[ effect of orientation program on stress, anxiety and depression of patients undergoing coronary angiography]

Hospitalization causes anxiety for many patients. It increases when patients anticipate their turn for coronary angiography. Education and orientation reduces the psycho- physiologic effects of anxiety and stress. To determine the effect of Orientation Program on stress, anxiety and depression in patient under coronary angiography, who had hospitalization in heart and post angio ward of shahid Beheshti center of heart in Zanjan. In a quasi-experimental, 60 patient under angiography were randomly assigned to either the test group: those who received orientation program, or the control group. Data collection tools were included: the DASS-21 Standard Questionnaire for patients' stress, anxiety and depression. Subjects' stress, anxiety and depression levels were measured before angiography. And finally the collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. After intervention, the independent t-test showed that the anxiety, stress, and depression level [P<0.05] were reduced in case group. This study showed that patients in case group experienced lower anxiety, stress, and depression level. Therefore proposed to be used orientation program before invasive diagnostic procedures

[The role of clinical instructor in clinical training motivation of nursing students: a qualitative study]

Introduction: Motivation is the main factor for persuasion students to clinical learning. Lack of motivation is a barrier to learning. Therefore, investigation of the motivation role in clinical education is particularly important. This study aimed to investigate the nursing students and instructors' perspectives on the role of instructor in the clinical education motivation of nursing students

Methods: This research has been conducted with qualitative approach through content analysis method. The participants were comprised of sixteen nursing students and four nursing educators. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Data obtained from interviews with content analysis were analyzed method through using Maxqda software

Results: The themes of this study were: 1 - Scientific and practical competence, 2 - Behavior educator, and 3 - educator attitude to nursing

Conclusion: According the participants the role of the clinical instructors were known as a basic role in the motivation in the clinical education process. For students to become motivated or not to can during clinical experiences could attract or they will turn away from clinical work and nursing profession so far

[Addicts' perspectives about factors associated with substance abuse relapse]

It has been known for many years that there is a high risk of relapse after treatment of drug abuse. This has made addiction more complicated. Knowledge of related factors allows the health care professionals to initiate much broader, client - centered, relapse prevention strategies. This study had a descriptive design. The sample comprised 200 addicts who all were male and had at least one relapse episode after treatment. Data were collected by structured face-to-face interviews. The related factors to relapse are divided in two groups as individual and environmental factors. The intensity of related factors was asked as "not any", "a little", "medium" and "very much". The results showed that 33.5% of the subjects had 1 relapse, 38% 2-3 relapse and 28.5% more than 3 relapse. Also, 53% of them relapse in less than 3 month after treatment. Only 12% could avoid drug use for more than 1 year. The mean time of abstinence was 6.3 +/- 3 month. According to Friedman test, insomnia and temptation were the most important individual factors [P<0.000], and simple access to drugs, family conflicts and noncompliance with treatment were the most important environmental factors [P<0.000]. With respect to results, since psychological factors were the most important [mean= 1.6 +/- 0.5], mere detoxification is not efficient enough and may end in client's relapse. Treatment services should be developed further and strengthen relapse prevention and relapse coping skills among drug misuser's and pschological health is the first thing that should be notified by them

[Comparison of the impacts of family-based and individual-based interventions on body mass index and life style]

Obesity has been known as a risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Educational intervention aimed at modifying dietary habits and physical activity patterns are essential in management of obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of family-based intervention and individualbased intervention on body mass index and life style. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on subjects suffering from obesity or overweight in Islam-Abad, Zanjan [2005-2006]. The subjects were assigned nonrandomly to either the family-based group [n=42] or individual-based group [n=49]. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Intervention included counseling to make change, in eating habit and exercise behavior. Subjects in the individual-based group received intervention individually in the clinics, and those in the family-based intervention received intervention by home visit. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, T-test, Paired T-test, Mann-Whitney test and, Wilcoxon test. The mean of body mass index decreased from 30.74 +/- 3.99 to 30.1 +/- 3.90 and from 31.98 +/- 6.64 to 31.57 +/- 6.63 in family-based group and in individual-based group, respectively. After intervention, the mean of body mass index significantly decreased in both groups [p < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in body mass index between two groups after intervention [P=0.52]. The mean scores of dairy product consumption and fruit consumption as well as physical activity were increased in both groups [p < 0.0001]. It was concluded that both family-based and individual -based intervention, focusing on physical activity and diet counseling through regular follow-up meetings, could be effective ways of controlling CVD risk factors

[Comparing the effect of two family- and individual based interventions on blood pressure and life style]

High blood pressure is the most important modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. To compare the effect of two family-and individual-based interventions on blood pressure and lifestyle in subjects suffering from hypertension. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 91 subjects with blood pressure 3 140/90 mmHg in Islam-Abad, Zanjan [Iran] during 2005-2006. The subjects were non-randomly assigned to either the family-based group [n=42] or individual-based group [n=49]. Intervention included counseling to promote both lifestyle and medical aspects of secondary prevention .The data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test. The mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 159/5 +/- 14/4 to138/3 +/- 12 and 157/6 +/- 21/6 to132 +/- 20/9 in family-based group and in individual-based group, respectively. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between two groups after intervention [p=0.92]. However, following intervention the mean blood pressure significantly decreased in both groups [P=0/0005]. Also, the mean score of fruits and dairy product consumption and physical activity in subjects were significantly increased among two groups, post-intervention [p<0.0001]. The results indicated that both methods with focus on physical activity and diet counseling followed by structured follow-up meeting could be considered as effective ways of controlling CVD risk factors

[Comparative study on two methods, Benson relaxation Vs premeditation, and their effect on respiratory rate and pulse rate of patients experiencing coronary angiography]

One of the cause of anxiety for most patients is hospitalization. Once the patients are hospitalized for cardiac catheterization, the anxiety would be augmented. The anxiety raises body physiological and psychological activities such as: heart rate and respiratory rate. This research, as clinical trial study, has the objective to determine the influence of applying two methods of relaxation and premeditation on respiratory rate and pulse rate in hospitalized patients, experiencing coronary angiography, in heart and postangio wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Zanjan, at 2003. 40 patients who were candidates for CA, has been studied, in regard to existing conditions and methods of sampling and random allocation to two groups of relaxation, and premedication. Data collection tool included demographic and disease related information sheet, as well as record sheets for respiratory rate and pulse rate at intervals of 8-12 and 1/2 hrs before, during and after the angiography. For relaxation group, the researcher would speak individually about the influence of relaxation, the day before angiography; then with the aid of client himself/herself, performed relaxation instances in a single bout, and eventually asked client to perform relaxation technique 2-3 times before going for angiography. In premedication group, patients received regular preangiographic medications including diazepam, chlorpheniramine, metoclopramid, and hydrocortisone. Respiratory rate and pulse rate were measured in both groups 8-12 and 1/2 hrs, before during and after CA. Afterward, resulted data were analyzed statistically by [SPSS] software for windows. Pulse rate at 8-12 hours before, during and after the angiography showed no significant difference between two groups [p>0.05]. Thus our research hypothesis that "alterations of respiratory rate and pulse rate in patients under coronary angiography, who get relaxation, are identical to those in premedicaton group", would be confirmed These results show that the premeditation method can be substituted by relaxation before practicing invasive procedures

[ effect of premedication on hemodynamic state of patientsexperiencing coronary angiography]

Invasive diagnostic procedures such as coronary angiography, in most cases, are accompanied by stress and anxiety in patients which in turn may affect the hemodynamic, signs. To determine the effect of premedication on hemodynamic parameters in patients under coronary angiography, who were hospitalized in heart and post-angio unit at shahid Beheshti heart center in Zanjan during the year 2003.This was a quasi-exprimental study in which 40 patients under angiography were selected and marked as premedication and control groups for the purpose of this research. Data collection tools were two forms used to record hemodynamic parameters during 8-12hours and half an hour pre-, during and post- angiography and also a questionnaire to record demographic data. In premedication group, patients were taken drugs including Diazepam, Chlorpheniramine, Metoclopramide and Hydrocortisone. In control group, patients were taken only routine nursing cares. In both groups, hemodynamic parameters were measured during 8-12 hours and half an hour pre-, during and post- angiography. The data were analyzed statistically usingSPSS.Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweencontrolandpremedicationhemodynamic parameters [systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, L.V.P pressure, end diastolic pressure, systolic and diastolic aorta pressure][p>0.05].There were no significant changes in hemodynamic signs between control and premedication groups

[Survey of causes of faculty nursing documentation]

Introduction: documentation of nursing care and procedures is an evidence of performance and quality of these cares. Failure to document could be a sign of inadequate care performance

Method and Materials: this study was carried out to determine causes of inadequate nursing documentation in wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Zanjan, in 2003. This study was a descriptive survey a checklist was designed according to standard principles of nursing documentation which was validated by 10 academic members. Patients and apos files were assessed based on this checklist. Also, 20 nurses were interviewed [open question] to determine of causes of incorrect nursing documentation

Results: the results showed that 17% of items of checklist had been documented correctly, documentation's of 35.81% of these items were incomplete and 48% of items had not been documented. The interviews showed that the inadequate nursing documentation was related to inattention to these documentation's and lack of control of nursing documentation, work overload of nurses, educational problems and unawareness of legal and occupational issues

Conclusion: documentation of nursing care was inadequate. The most important causes were inattention and lack of control. Considering importance of nursing documentation, ways to solve these problems must be sought