[ comparison of the effect of farmentin and amoxicilin-metronidazole combination in treatment of moderate chronic periodontitis]

Statement of Problems: Amoxicillin-Metronidazole in conjunction with mechanical therapy such as scaling and root planning [SRP] is an effective adjunctive method for treatment of chronic periodontitis. The use of Co-Amoxiclave as a single medical therapy has been of interest because of its similar therapeutic effects as compared with the compounds mentioned above

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Amoxicillin-Metronidazole and Farmentin [a new compound of Co- Amoxiclave] in treatment of Moderate Chronic Periodontitis

Methods and Material: In this experimental single blind study, 60 patients [30 females and 30 males] with choronic moderate perdontitis and with an average age of 30-50 years old were evaluated. Scalling and root planning [SRP] and oral health instruction [OHI] were done for all the patients. They were divided into three groups. Group one received Farmentin and group two received Amoxicillin-Metronidazole for one week. Group three didn't receive any antibiotic.Periodontical Disease Index [PDI], Gingival Index [GI], Modified Papillary Bleeding Index [MPBI], Plaque index [PLI], and probing packet Depth [PPD] were measured in their first visits, one week after scaling and before taking medicine, 1,3,6 weeks after taking medicine and 2 ,3 months later. Finally, all the data were statistically analyzed by Anova and Tukey test

Result: None of the parameters under the study showed a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 [P0.05]. During the treatment GI showed a significant difference between the test and control groups [p <0.05]. MPBI in the test and control groups was significantly different one week after scaling and follow ups. There were significant differences between the two test groups and control in PLI, one week after taking medicine. Also, there were significant differences between groups 1 and 3 [p=0.049, p=0.007] and groups 2 and 3 [p =0.044, p =0.028] in the 4 latest follow up for PPD and PDI

Conclusion: Both Farmentin and Amoxicillin-Metronidazole in conjunction with mechanical therapy [SRP] have similar effects in treatment of chronic moderate periodontitis; however, they are more effective than SRP alone

[ effect of sodium alendronate on gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphates [GCF ALP] levels in moderate chronic periodontitis]

Chemotherapeutic agents are adjunctive substances for treatment of periodontitis through modulation of host response. Sodium alendronate is one of the medicaments which are used for this purpose. Since alkaline phosphates [ALP] level is an indicator for evaluation of bone metabolism changes, in this study the effect of sodium alendronate on periodontitis is investigated by measuring gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphates [GCF ALP] levels. In this double-blind experimental study, 24 patients [12 males and 12 females between the agen of 35 to 50 years] with moderate chronic periodontitis have been evaluated. All patients received scaling and root planning. Sodium alendronate and placebo capsules were used weekly in a period of six months for case and control groups respectively samples were collected in first visit, 3 months, and 6 month later and analyzed with spectrophotometry. Periodontal assessments were probing pocket depth, gingival index [loe and silness] and plaque index [silness and loe]. Data were analyzed by t-test, repeated measurement paired t-test. Mean changes of GCF ALP optical absorbtion were significant in case group through the period of 6 months, and in control group through the period of 3 months, however after 6 months in control group there is no significant changes in comparison with base line evaluations. During the study GCF ALP changes between two group were not significant statically. Mean changes of plaque index and gingival index were statically significant in both groups through 6 months period. Plaque index variations were significantly different between two groups. But duration of gingival index changes between 2 groups was insignificant. The use of sodium alendronate for 6 months improves periodontal parameters and decrease GCF ALP level, but these results are not so significant during this period of time

[Evaluation of periodontal clinical index after class V restorations using miniflap surgery technique]

Dental caries had been known historically as the most common infectious disease. Miniflap is one of the techniques used for better access to class V caries. The aim of this study was making a comparison between periodontal index after class V restorations of composite resin and glassionomer by miniflap. This clinical trial study was carried out on 30 premolar teeth in patients who referred to Babol dentistry faculty with class V caries, which their gingival margin was 1mm apical to the free gingiva, in maximum. Two incisions in mesial and distal of the tooth at the level of attached gingiva and thereafter conventional class V cavity preparation were performed. Then teeth were devided in to two groups. The first group was restored by glass ionomer [Fuji II Lc] and second group by heliomolar resin composite. Patients were followed up in, 1, 3 and 6 month after restoration concerning gingival index, Bleeding index, plaque index, probing pocket depth index and clinical attachment level and the findings were analyzed by Student's t-test. Comparing the mean of periodontal indexes before and after restoration by glass ionomer showed that only Bleeding index was changed significantly 6 months after restoration. The mean of periodontal indexes including CAL and PPD changed significantly before and after restoration by composite in 1, 3 and 6 months follow up. For a better comparison of indexes between two groups Delta [the change rate of different indexes] in 1, 3 and 6 months after restoration was assessed and showed that this difference was significant in CAL and PPD index between intervals, except for the restoration time after six months. Periodontal indexes in gingiva adjacent to cavity restored by glass ionomer indicated better gingival adaptation for this material compared to composite

[Accuracy of Bitewing radiography in posterior teeth Interdental bone resorption]

Alveolar bone level is changed due to the balance between bone formation and resorption. Precise examination of alveolar bone is done by clinical and radiographic methods. Radiographic examination has an important role in diagnosis and treatment of periodontal patients, so this study was performed to determine the accuracy of bitewing radiography in alveolar bone resorption. This analytical and cross-sectional study was performed in 37 interdental osseous wall of patients who referred to the periodontology department of Babol dental faculty for periodontal surgery in 2004. Vertical bitewing radiography was done in premolar and molar region by use of Snap-A-Ray film holder. A caliper with accuracy of 0.05 mm was used for measuring the level of interdental bone resorption on cliche. During periodontal surgery the amount of bone resorption was measured by Williams probe. Then datas were analyzed by paired-t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. The mean value of alveolar bone resorption with Williams probe and bitewing radiography was 2.66 +/- 1.2 and 2.81 +/- 1.06 in maxillary molars, 2.31 +/- 0.75 and 2.5 +/- 1.6 in mandibular molars, 1.73 +/- 1.03 and 1.93 +/- 0.97 in maxillary premolar and 1.91 +/- 1.11 and 2.25 +/- 1.59 in mandibular premolars respectively. According to the results, bite wing radiography had high accuracy in measuring the amount of alveolar bone resorption. So, this method can help to diagnose and determine treatment plan of periodontal disease

[Effect of smoking on salivary composition in subjects with moderate periodontitis before and after periodontal therapy]

There are many researches regarding association between periodontal problem and smoking but there are a few studies about this relationship and the changes in salivary composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on salivary composition in subjects with moderate periodontitis before and after periodontal therapy. In this study saliva samples were taken from 30 patients [15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers] with mean age of 33 who referred to periodontal clinic of Babol dental faculty. Laboratory parameters were SIgA, SIgG, Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Albumin and Amylase. Salivary sampling was done in two stages before and after scaling. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and t-test. The concentration of SIgA, K and P were greater in smokers before therapy [p<0.05]. Post treatment, K and P level were greater in smokers [K=18.8 +/- 0.57, P=11.27 +/- 0.8] than nonsmokers [K=16.78 +/- 0.43, P= 8.83 +/- 0.8] and Mg was greater in nonsmokers [2.73 +/- 0.55] than smokers [1.16 +/- 0.13] [p<0.05]. There was a reduction of SIgA and Mg in smokers after treatment [P<0.05]. The reduction of SIgA in smokers [0.08 +/- 0.011] was greater than nonsmokers [0.03 +/- 0.012] [p=0.005]. Post treatment nonsmokers had reduced SIgA level and increased Ca concentration [p<0.05]. There was a reduction in SIgA level after treatment in both groups, which is related to decrease of inflammation. Smoking has not any considerable effect on salivary composition changes after periodontal therapy