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Rasa Shastra is a branch which deals with mercury, metals, minerals, gems, herbal drugs and various principles of alchemy and metallurgy. The popular books on Kerala Ayurvedic treatment like Sahasrayoga and Chikitsamanjari describes various potent herbomineral formulations. One such Kharaleeya rasayana yoga is Chukkumthippalyadi gulika explained in Jwaraprakarana of Chikitsamanjari. This Yoga has a wide range of therapeutic utility and indicated in Tridoshaja sannipathika jwara. Jwara is the first and the most serious of all diseases so it needs to be specially attended. Ingredients in the formulation include drugs from Maharasa, Uparasa and Sadharana rasa vargikarana of Rasa dravyas which are to be used in the formulation after proper Samskaras like Sodhana and Marana. Few other controversial drugs like Gandhamarjaraveerya, and Mrigasringa are also included in the formulation. Other herbal ingredients include Sunti, Pippali, Bola, Vacha, Jeeraka, Rudraksha, Kiratatikta and Karpoora. Indication of the Yoga specifies Haret Drak Sannipathajwaram depicts its immediate action on Jwarachikitsa. Aims and Objective: The main objective of this article is to discuss the therapeutic uses of Chukkumthippalyadi gulikaand to discuss the different pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses of isolated constituent drugs of Chukkumthippalyadi gulika thus to raise an awareness of this particular formulation in the healthcare system so that they can be applied to community needs. Discussion: Most of the drug in Chukkumthippalyadi gulika is Katu, Tikta rasatmak with Ushna Veerya, Laghu, Ruksha, and Tikshna Gunatmak having Jwarghna property. Conclusion: Chukkumthippalyadi gulika is a very effective drug, it has multidimensional broad spectrum activity so this can be used in all type of Jwara.
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Panchagavya Ghritha is a widely used Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya Utharastana Apasmara Patishedha indicated in conditions like Apasmara (epilepsy), Jwara (pyrexia), and Kamala (jaundice). It contains 5 ingredients namely Goshakrit rasa (cow dung juice), Amladadhi (sour curd), Goksheera (cow’s milk), Gomutra (cow’s urine) and Goghritha (ghee). Authentic sources of cow products are not often obtained and found adulterated. Collection and processing of fresh raw materials are an important area in this formulation This study was conducted to find out the non conformances and quality issues in Panchagavya ghritha production in industrial level. The comparative analysis of prepared and market samples based on standard analytical parameters proposed by PLIM reveals the variation in different organoleptic characters and physico-chemical parameters. The physico-chemical parameters among prepared and different companies were statistically analysed with ANOVA test and Scheffe’s pair wise comparison, showed significant difference at 0.01 levels.
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Background: Mission Indradhanush has been launched in December 2014 as a special drive to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children. This study was conducted with an aim to evaluate process of mission Indradhanush immunization program in urban and rural communities of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study carried out at places such as urban slums with migration, nomadic sites, brick kilns, construction sites, underserved and hard to reach areas from July 2015 to July 2017. Cluster sampling method has been used, adapted from WHO 30-cluster sampling. Thirty (30) clusters were selected using probability proportional to the population size (PPS). Each PHC/UHC was taken as one cluster.Results: All the planned session being held as per micro plan (100%). Due lists of beneficiaries were present at all sites but not updated at 6 (10%) session sites. Mobilizers were present at 58 (96.67%) session sites. ANMs were giving all 4 key messages at 86.67% of session sites. 115 (95.8%) caregivers told source of information was home visits of ASHA/AWW. 66(55.00%) mothers were aware about when to come for next visit and 70 (58.33%) aware about which vaccines were given on MI session day.Conclusions: All the session sites had micro plan and due list, which is major achievement and positive sign of successful implementation of mission Indradhanush. Availability of vaccines and other logistics were also up to the mark. Over all implementation process was satisfactory and according to operational guidelines of MI.
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INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis remains a common surgical condition and the importance of specific elements in the clinical diagnosis remain controversial. A variety of neoplastic and inflammatory conditions mimic acute appendicitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the presenting pattern of acute appendicitis and to correlate with the pathological diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine and correlate between the clinical and per–operative pathological findings of acute appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 108 patients who had appendicectomy for acute appendicitis at Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College & Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Rural area, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu during the periodApril 2017 to March 2018 (1 Year). Patient demographics,clinical features, operative findings and histology results were recorded on a special patient proforma. Study Type: Retrospective Study. Duration of the study: April 2017 to March 2018 (1Year) RESULTS: Out of the total of 108 patients studied, 66 were males i.e. 61.1% while 42 were femalesi.e.38.9%, with a male female ratio of 1.57:1. The majority of our patients were in the second decade (n=35 i.e. 32.4%). The most common presenting complaints were abdominal pain (n=108 i.e.100%), Nausea(n=57 i.e. 52.8%), vomiting (n= 84 i.e. 77.8%) and diarrhoea (n=9 i.e.8.3%). As for clinical signs 100% of the patients (n=108) in this study had some degree of right iliac fossa tenderness. At surgery, 67.6% (n=73) of appendices were apparently inflamed. 1.9% (n=2) were perforated and 4.6% (n=5) had appendicular abscess whereas in 25.9% (n=28) cases faecolith with inflammation was present. 67.6% (n=73) of the patients presented within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. In 59.3% (n=64) of the patients Oral fluids were started on 1st post–operative day (POD). 56.5% (n=61) of the patients were discharged on the 5th day.
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Biological nitrification is the most commonly used process for nitrogen removal from wastewater. Nitrification is carried out in two steps. First ammonia is converted to nitrite by ammonia oxidizing bacteria. In the second step nitrite oxidizing bacteria convert nitrite to nitrate. The study involves the effect of nutrients (both organic and inorganic components) on biological nitrification and the optimum concentrations of di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium di-hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sucrose and ferric chloride were observed over ammonium ion removal. The effect of dissolved oxygen also was studied and maximum percentage removal of ammonium ion was found to be 89.2%.
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Nitrification has been studied extensively as a result of its significance within the biological process and at intervals the necessity for treatment of waste water. In the last decade, the treatment of high ammonical concentration effluents has become a matter of nice interest. Many effluents will contain some hundred milligrams of nitrogen per liter (supernatants from anaerobic digestion, lechates from municipal water, etc.) may have specific treatment before utilization them to the plant recycling process. Sometimes this reaction is applied by maintaining robust ammonical concentrations which have the role of inhibiting the nitrite – oxidizing population responsible for the reaction of nitrites into nitrates (final stage of nitrification). However the nitrification methods served as a very important basis for the development of today understands and mathematical models for several waste treatment processes (activated sludge process using biofilm reactors) and self – purification in rivers. Often nitrogen removal from sea wastewater is problematic due to the low rate of bacteria concerned. Immobilization is an economical technique to retain slow growing organisms in continuous flow reactors. Immobilized cells can be classified into “naturally” attached cells (biofilms) and “artificially” immobilized cells. The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification within the step feeding biological nitrogen removal method were investigated below different inflowing substrate and aeration flow rates. The experimental results showed that there was additionally linear relationship between simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and DO concentration below the conditions of low and high aeration rate.
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The present study was done with the aim to evaluate anthelmintic activity of Trikatu churna containing traditionally user herbs viz., Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae), Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe using adult earthworm Pheritima posthuma. All these three ingredients are spicy, commonly used in our daily diet, also well known for their tremendous therapeutic potential, since from the Vedic period. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of Trikatu churna and its ingredients were also screened for preliminary phytochemical studies. Piperazine citrate was used as standard and it was found that the TCEE activity is higher than TCAE.
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Formulation research is oriented towards increasing safety and efficacy of existing drug molecule through novel concepts of drug delivery. Diclofenac is a semi-synthetic NSAID used as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. An attempt was made to identify the use of a natural product tapioca starch as binding agent in the formulation of Diclofenac tablets. To establish two other commonly used disintegrating agents potato starch and maize starch were selected and formulated for comparison. Different formulations were prepared by using above three disintegrants in the concentration of 20mg per tablet. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. All the formulations were subjected to in in-vitro evaluation and the results were compared. The formulation containing tapioca starch powder showed good dissolution characteristics, within the Pharmacopoeial limits and comparative to potato and maize starch.
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ß-Alanine, though producing a deficiency of taurine in the tissues, had a similar effect on cholesterol metabolism as taurine. Both caused increased activity of hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and increased incorporation of 1, 2 of [14C]- acetate into liver cholesterol. Both caused increased concentration of biliary cholesterol and bile acids. There was increased activity of lipoprotein lipase in heart, but decreased activity in the adipose tissue in both cases. Release of lipoproteins into circulation was decreased in both cases.