[Prevalence rate of suicidal thoughts and its related factors in the medical students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences]

Suicide is the third most common cause of death between 15 and 44 years of age. Medical students are one of the high risk groups. Suicidal ideation is regarded as a predictive factor for suicide attempt. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of suicidal thoughts and its related factors among the students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive - analytical study, 452 students with different fields of study in medical sciences were selected randomly. Using Beck Inventory [BSSI] the rate of suicidal thoughts was determined. Data were entered into SPSS V.16 software and analyzed by x[2] and logistic regression. p <0.05 was considered significant. In this study 34.3 percent of the students were male and 65.7 percent were female, with a mean age of 21.16 +/- 2.41 years. 32.7 percent of all students and 42.7percent of medical students had mild to severe suicidal thoughts. A significant relationship was observed among academic fields, residential area, performance of religious obligations, history of suicide attempts and current suicidal thoughts [p<0.01]. This study indicated a high prevalence rate of suicidal thoughts among the university students which calls for more attention by the university officials in order to take necessary measures for prevention of suicidal attempts among the students

Epistaxis and haemoptysis due to Leech Bite

Leech bite is a rare cause of GI, respiratory and genital bleeding, leech salivatory secretions contains strong anticoagulant and vasodilator substances among them Hirudin is the most important and promotes local bleeding by thrombin inhibition and other mechanisms. Usually leeches may be swallowed by drinking stagnant or even mountain stream water and then enter the mouth and nostrils. Ingested leeches in most frequently attach to the mucosa of nose or nasopharynx leading to epistaxis and respiratory distress, but rarely, they may attach to trachea, bronchi or oesophagus and give rise to haematemesis, haemoptysis and severe respiratory distress. A 7 years old girl, lived in one of the Kurdistans villages admitted in Tohid hospital urgency unit with epistaxis and haemoptysis. After taking medical diagnostic measures the cause of bleeding turned out to be leech attachment to her nasopharynx. Leech was removed by means of surgical forceps. Bleeding was stopped and she was discharged. Leech bite should be considered as a rare cause of GI, respiratory and genital bleeding in regions where people drink stagnant or stream water. People living in such rural regions need more education concerning leech bite and use of suitable water

Comparison of suture ligation versus electrocoagulation in controlling post tonsillectomy bleeding

Postoperative hemorrhage is one of the most common serious complications after adenotonsillectomy requiring proper management during and after surgery. This study was conducted to compare effects of electrocoagulation versus suture ligation on control of bleeding after tonsillectomy. This was a blind randomized control trial study including children schedueled for tonsillectomy in Tohid hospital in Sanandaj from April 2004 to May 2006. 110 patient were entered into the study. Surgical indications were tonsillar hypertrophy with obstructive symptoms and recurrent tonsillitis. Method of anesthesia was the same for all the patients and method of surgery was dissection by use of snare. All operations were performed by the same surgon. To control bleeding, suture ligation was used for the left and electrocoagulation for the right side of the operation site in the same patient. The sites of electrocoagulation and suture ligation were alternately changed in the next patients. The time spans required for suture ligation or electrocoagulation, primary and secondary postoperative bleeding, local and recurrent pain, formation of whitish memberane along with its sloughing and cicatrization of tonsillar fossa were recorded. The collected data were analyzed by use of SPSS win and x[2] and t-student tests. 46 female and 64 male patients, with mean age of 9 +/- 2.7 years were entered into this study. The overall primary and secondary postoperative bleeding rate was 1.8% and 2.7% respectively. Primary bleeding in electrocoagulation site included 0.9% and in suture ligation site 0.9% [p<0.05]. All the cases of the secondary bleeding occurred in suture ligation site [p<0.05], massive bleeding was detected in 0.9% of the patients, all of them in the electocoagulation sites. There were no significant correlation between pain after tonsillectomy, recurrent pain, duration of cicatrisation and method of haemostasis [p>0.05]. Results of the study showed no significant difference between electrocoagulation and suture ligation in controling post tonsillectomy bleeding, but secondary bleeding in electrocoagulation was less common than that in suture ligation. In order to control bleeding from vessels, suture ligation is more suitable than electrocoagulation

fourteen year unconsummated marriage and its successful treatment [a case report]

Unconsummated marriage [UCM] is defined as a marriage with no intercourse action. Different etiologies have been introduced as the causative agents including psychiatric, social and physical factors. The reported couple had under gone treatment due to 14 years history of UCM and wanting a child. During marriage and UCM follow up the wife had undertaken multiple surgeries for cervical dilatation, myomectomy, electrocautery and a course of psychotherapy. According to their please to have a child, 10 times IUI had been performed which were unsuccessful. Approximately after psychiatric assessment, couples were treated by sex therapy methods and then individual psychotherapy was performed for wife to reduce anxiety. After 5 months, pregnancy occurred via normal intercourse, which resulted in a term delivery. Combination of couple sex therapy and individual psychotherapy haven't been used before to treat UCM. Other methods such as dual sex therapy, hypno-behavioral therapy and psychosomatic therapy have been used separately or in combination with urology and gynecologic treatments. Since inadequate knowledge about sexual relationship and dependency to paternal family are of the most important and frequent reasons of this disorder, it seems sexual relation education in educational and health centers in our country is necessary