ABSTRACT
Pulpectomy of primary teeth is commonly carried out with hand files and broaches; a tricky and time consuming procedure. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the cleaning efficacy and time taken for instrumentation of deciduous molars using hand K-files and Flex Master rotary system.In this study, 68 canals of 23 extracted primary molars with at least two third intact roots and 7-12 mm length were selected. After preparing an access cavity, K-file size #15 was introduced into the root canal and India ink was injected with an insulin syringe. Sixty samples were randomly divided in to experimental groups in group I [n=30], root canals were prepared with hand K-files; in group II [n=30], rotary Flex Master files were used for instrumentation, and in group III 8 remained samples were considered as negative controls. After clearing and root sectioning, the removal of India ink from cervical, middle, and apical thirds was scored. Data was analyzed using student's T-test and Mann-Whitney U test.There was no significant difference between experimental groups cleaning efficacy at the cervical, middle and apical root canal thirds. Only the coronal third scored higher in the hand instrumented group [P < 0.001]. Instrumentation with Flex Master rotary files was significantly less time consuming [P < 0.001]. Although there was no difference in cleanliness efficacy at the apical and middle thirds, the coronal third was more effectively cleaned with hand files. Predictably, time efficiency was a significant advantage with rotary technique
Subject(s)
Humans , Treatment Outcome , In Vitro Techniques , Molar , Tooth, Deciduous , Dental Instruments , Nickel , Titanium , PulpectomyABSTRACT
Los Angeles classification is widely adopted for reporting endoscopic gastroesophageal reflux disease. We assessed the inter- and intra-observer variability of the Los Angeles classification. Still images [n= 254] of the lower esophagus were presented to 9 gastroenterologists [6 experts and 3 trainees] and they were asked to report the images according to the Los Angeles classification. After 2 weeks the images were reordered and they were asked to report them again. Kappa statistic was calculated for intra- and inter-observer variability. The kappa for intra-observer agreement was 0.54 [attendings: 0.54; trainees; 0.55; P= not significant] and the inter-observer agreement was 0.22 [attendings: 0.20; trainees: 0.31;P= 0.027]. The inter- and intra-observer kappa values is differentiating nonerosive fromerosive cases were 0.22 [attendings; 0.21; trainees: 0.31, P= not significant] and 0.57 [attendings: 0.58; trainees: 0.55, P= not significant], respectively. According to our data, the Los Angeles classification has acceptable intra-observer variability, both for detecting presence of absence of erosions and for differentiating between different degrees of esophagitis, while its inter-observer performance seems to be less acceptable. It may be reasonable and timely to have another look at the Los Angeles classification to see whether its performance can be improved even further
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Observer Variation , Esophagitis , EsophagusABSTRACT
Background: the erythrocyte parameters are subjects to change through out pregnancy. To differentiate the aforementiond chages with the iron defiency anemia, one is obliged to perform serial blood sampling and erythrocyte parameters tests. The current study was designed to monitor erythrocyte parameter changes during pregnancy
Materials and methods: 350 patients were recruited to a descriptive observational cross sectional study through out their Pregnancy. General data including maternal age,pregnancy age in accordance with the lmp, times of gravidity and delivery, iron and folic acid complementation were assessed blood sampling and erythrocyte parameters. Assessment were used to qualify the gaind data's meaningfulness. The pvalue was considered equal with 0.05
Results: 308 pateints results were finalized. The mean age was 27.04 +/- 4 years. Most pregnancy pregnancy cases wrere in the first time pregnancy subgroup [77.85%]. Most delivery cases were nuliparous subgroup [74.16%]. The iron and folic acid supplementation were dominant in 95.13% of cases, respectively 2.68% of attendants were smokers, hemogtobin, hematocrite and mchc were decreased with pregnancy progress. In the mean while mcv increases through out pregnancy Mch shows no meaningful changes
Conclusions: the values of hemoglobin and hematocrite decrease through out pregnancy And macrocytic changes occur through out a physiologic and normal pregnancy
ABSTRACT
Background: educational decline is one of the most important problems of educational institutes which not only cause waste of time and resources but also cause psychological, familial and social side effects. Unfortunately, this dilemma has been increasing annually and students can not deal with them appropriately. This study was aimed to evaluate the possible influencing factors of educational decline in nursing students of the years 1380-1383 of Army University of Medical Sciences
Methods and materials: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, 189 students of the years 1380- 1383 of faculty of nursing were evaluated. The data were collected directly from their educational file using designed questionnaire and were analyzed with SPSS-11.5 by descriptive methods
Results: the frequency of educational decline was seen in 32 [16.9%] of patients. No statistical correlations were observed with sex, level of education of parents, parents death, job of father, family income and educational decline [P>0.05]. Whereas, statistical differences were observed between age, diploma GPA, residential area, marital status, part-time job, job of mother and educational decline [P<0.05].Part-time job [P=0.004] and age [P=0.002] had the most influencing effect on educational decline
Conclusion: students as important members of education system have their own particular psychoIogical and demographic characteristics which can have influence their education status. With appropriate knowledge and considerations to these factors, it is possible to prevent educational decrement of students
ABSTRACT
Background: Sulfur mustard [HD] [bis[2-chloroethyl] sulfide] is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and suspected carcinogenic properties
Materials and Methods: 40 Albino-Nmari male rats, 3 months old , were divided into four groups [10 in each group] and injected with 5, 10 mg /kg sulfur mustard in tyrods buffer After 8 weeks rats were killed. The samples were fixed in formaldehyde solution [%10], stained with H and E and studied with light microscope
Results: Increased distance between seminiferous tubules. Accumulation of necrotic materials of the cells in the lumen of seminiferous, oligospermia, displacement of somniferous tubules and changing the situation of sertoli nuclei from the abdominal positioning to basal in both groups of sulfur mustard that compared with normal and tyrods groups
Conclusion: Presence of necrotic form of spermatocytes and necrotic cells with picnotic nuclei in both sulfur mustard groups but more in 10 mg/kg HD
ABSTRACT
Background: Renal colic is a common cause of acute severe pain. Opioids and non-opioids analgesics and NSAIDs and phosphodiesterase enzyme [PDE] inhibitors are four medical cathegories that recommended for treatment, but the relative efficacy of these drugs is uncertain
Materials and Methods: To examine the benefits and disadvantages of pethidine, piralgin, diclofenac and aminophyllin for the management of pain in acute renal colic, as a randomised clinical trial study, patients with four suspected renal colic[n=200] were randomised to receive these 4-drugs at emergency ward of -hospitals. Pain relief and side effects was assessed at one hour after the analgesics. Datas has been analised by statistical soft ware of SPSS-ver.11
Results: pain reliefed in the pethidine group after 30 minute and one hour was %60 [30 patients] and %94 [47 patients], for piralgin group was %54 [27 patients] and %92 [46 patients], diclofenac group was %28 [14 patients]and %68 [34 patients] and for aminophylline was %24 [12 patients] and %62 [31 patients]. [P< 0/05] The side-effects of 4-groups was included: pethidine: nausea [11 Patients], vomiting [7 Patients], respiratory depression [3 Patients] and headache [2 Patients]; piralgin [3 Patients]; aminophylline: orthostatic hypothension [7Patients], vertigue [9 Patients], headache [1 2 patients]; diclofenac had no side-effect
Conclusion: Tramadol response was as same as pethidine but less side-effects. diclofenac is a good choice for mild pain; but aminophyllin had a bad response with very much side-effects
ABSTRACT
Background: Human sperm heads which present disturbances of choranatin condensation are stained by acidic aniline blue. To determine whether the proportion of unstained heads, i.e with well condensed chromatin, can be considered as an index of sperm quality
Materials and Methods: stady was undertaken in 20 infertile patients with spinal cord injure and 20 infertile patients with non- spinal cord injure. In addition to the usual sperm characteristics, the percentages of unstained heads and of morphologically normal and abnormal forms were concomitantly evaluated
Results: The results obtained in this research show a significant relationship between the mean of sperm volume, concentration, validity and motility
Conclusion: In scipationts and the results taken by previous researchers. In addition the mean of sperm morphology and sperm condensation between the two groups was not significant so we can say that s.ci has no significant effected on condensation of chromatin of sperm
ABSTRACT
Background: The propose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the migraine headache among patients with Bipolar type I disorder. Previous research has shown an increase in migraine headache in bipolar type I disorders. But the information is sparse concerning the prevalence of migraine in subgroups of the affective disorder
Materials and Methods: 120 subjects, who visited during 3 month, were evaluated. There were 74 men and 46 women. Patients with bipolar type I disorder consecutively admitted in 506 Army hospitals were examined with interview based on DSM-4 diagnostic criteria. Migraine headache was diagnosed according HIS-criteria. Interviews with patients were accomplished by the researcher
Results: Of the 120 patients with bipolar I disorder 12[10%] had migraine headache. Onf the 46 women 7[15%] and of the 74 men migraine 5[6%] had migraine headache. the most frequency of migraine was in patients aged 30-40 [20.5%]
Conclusion: Migraine headache was seen with increased frequency in the bipolar I disprder population. Because the clinical statement for missing migraine are enormous, recognition of the common comorbidity of migraine headaches with bipolar I disorder is necessary
ABSTRACT
Background: Solar lentigo is a dark brown macule. Its finding is relating to chronic solar exposure. It presents on exposing area [face and dorsal surface of hand]. Varient methods are used for treating solar lentigo for example cryotherapy. Cryotherapy is safe but there is on scientific study about suitable time for faster curative response. This research was done the objective of finding suitable time of cryotherapy for solar lentigo treatment without complication
Materials and Methods: This experimental study is a randomized clinical trial. 75 patients who had solar lentige [as the target group] were selected among patients that came to Department of Dermatology in sina hospital. They were studied of the basis of random allocation three groups. Each group contained 25 patients. These patients received cryotherapy in three varient time: [group A: 3-4 seconds, group B: 5-4 seconds, group B: 5-6 seconds and group V: 7-8 seconds]. Cryotherapy was done by liquid nitrogen and aplicator. Two weeks after giving cryotherapy, response treatment, complications and retreatment were evaluated. Collected date were analyzed by EP16 software and appropriate statistical methods
Results: Mean of treatment times in groups were: [group A: 4.44, group B: 3.28 and group C: 3.08]. In this study there was significant statistical difference among groups in solar lentigo treatment [P=0.0001]. In this study, serious complications from Cryotherapy weren't seen. In this study; Sex, age and location of lesion had no effect
Conclusions: Cryotherapy is recommended for solar lentigo treatment because not only it hasn't serious complications but also it is an easy method, and this study shows the most suitable time for faster and better reponse is 7-10 seconds
ABSTRACT
Background: Sulfur mustard [HD] [bis[2-chloroethyl] sulfide] is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and suspected carcinogenic properties
Materials and Methods: 40 Albino-Nmari male rats, 3 months old, were divided into four groups [10 in each group] and injected with 5 , 10 mg /kg sulfur mustard in tyrods buffer .After 8 weeks rats were killed. The samples were fixed in formaldehyde solution [%10], stained with H and E and studied with light microscope
Results: Increased distance between seminiferous tubules. Accumulation of necrotic materials of the cells in the lumen of seminiferous, oligospermia, displacement of somniferous tubules and changing the situation of sertoli nuclei from the abdominal positioning to basal in both groups of sulfur mustard that compared with normal and tyrods groups
Conclusion: Presence of necrotic form of spermatocytes and necrotic cells with picnotic nuclei in both sulfur mustard groups but more in 10 mg/kg HD
ABSTRACT
Background: Renal colic is a common cause of acute severe pain. Opioids and non-opioids analgesics and NSAIDs and phosphodiesterase enzyme [PDE] inhibitors are four medical cathegories that recommended for treatment, but the relative efficacy of these drugs is uncertain
Materials and Methods: To examine the benefits and disadvantages of pethidine, piralgin, diclofenac and aminophyllin for the management of pain in acute renal colic, as a randomised clinical trial study, patients with four suspected renal colic [n=200] were randomised to receive these 4-drugs at emergency ward of -hospitals. Pain relief and side effects was assessed at one hour after the analgesics. Datas has been analised by statistical soft ware of SPSS-ver.11
Results: pain reliefed in the pethidine group after 30 minute and one hour was %60 [30 patients] and %94 [47 patients], for piralgin group was %54 [27 patients] and %92 [46 patients], diclofenac group was %28 [14 patients] and %68 [34 patients] and for aminophylline was %24 [12 patients] and %62 [31 patients]. [P< 0/05] The side-effects of 4-groups was included: pethidine: nausea [11 Patients], vomiting [7 Patients], respiratory depression [3 Patients] and headache [2 Patients]; piralgin [3 Patients]; aminophylline: orthostatic hypothension [7 Patients], vertigue [9 Patients], headache [12 patients]; diclofenac had no side-effect
Conclusion: Tramadol response was as same as pethidine but less side-effects. diclofenac is a good choice for mild pain; but aminophyllin had a bad response with very much side-effects
ABSTRACT
Background: Human sperm heads which present disturbances of choranatin condensation are stained by acidic aniline blue. To determine whether the proportion of unstained heads, i.e with well condensed chromatin, can be considered as an index of sperm quality
Materials and Methods: stady was undertaken in 20 infertile patients with spinal cord injure and 20 intetile patients with non- spinal cord injure. In addition to the usual sperm characteristics, the percentages of unstained heads and of morphologically normal and abnormal forms were concomitantly evaluated
Results: The results obtained in this research show a significant relationship between the mean of sperm volume, concentration, validity and motility
Conclusion: In scipationts and the results taken by previous researchers. In addition the mean of sperm morphology and sperm condensation between the two groups was not significant so we can say that s.ci has no signiticant effected on condensation of chromatin of sperm
ABSTRACT
Background: The propose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the migraine headache among patients with Bipolar type I disorder. Previous research has shown an increase in migraine headache in bipolar type I disorders. But the information is sparse concerning the prevalence of migraine in subgroups of the affective disorder
Materials and Methods: 120 subjects, who visited during 3 month, were evaluated. There were 74 men and 46 women. Patients with bipolar type I disorder consecutively admitted in 506 Army hospitals were examined with interview based on DSM-4 diagnostic criteria. Migraine headache was diagnosed according HIS-criteria. Interviews with patients were accomplished by the researcher
Results: Of the 120 patients with bipolar I disorder 12 [10%] had migraine headache. Onf the 46 women 7 [15%] and of the 74 men migraine 5 [6%] had migraine headache. the most frequency of migraine was in patients aged 30-40 [20.5%]
Conclusion: Migraine headache was seen with increased frequency in the bipolar I disorder population. Because the clinical statement for missing migraine are enormous, recognition of the common comorbidity of migraine headaches with bipolar I disorder is necessary
ABSTRACT
Background: Solar lentigo is a dark brown macule. Its finding is relating to chronic solar exposure. It presents on exposing area [face and dorsal surface of hand]. Varient methods are used for treating solar lentigo for example cryotherapy. Cryotherapy is safe but there is on scientific study about suitable time for faster curative response. This research was done the objective of finding suitable time of cryotherapy for solar lentigo treatment without complication
Materials and Methods: This experimental study is a randomized clinical trial. 75 patients who had solar lentige [as the target group] were selected among patients that came to Department of Dermatology in sina hospital. They were studied of the basis of random allocation three groups. Each group contained 25 patients. These patients received cryotherapy in three varient lime: [group A: 3-4 seconds, group B 5-4 seconds, group B: 5-6 seconds and group V: 7-8 seconds]. Cryotherapy was done by liquid nitrogen and aplicator. Two weeks after giving cryotherapy, response treatment, complications and retreatment were evaluated. Collected date were analyzed by EP16 software and appropriate statistical methods
Results: Mean of treatment times in groups were: [group A: 4.44, group B: 3 28 and group C: 3.08]. In this study there was significant statistical difference among groups in solar lentigo treatment [P=0.0001]. In this study, serious complications from Cryotherapy weren't seen In this study; Sex, age and location of lesion had no effect
Conclusions: Cryotherapy is recommended for solar lentigo treatment because not only it hasn't serious complications but also it is an easy method, and this study shows the most suitable time for faster and better response is 7-10 seconds