ABSTRACT
Ceftriaxone is almost widely used in the treatment of pediatric infection and this is accompanied by some complications. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of abnormal ultrasonography findings of gallbladder [pseudolithiasis or sludge] during ceftriaxon therapy and its relation to fasting, sex and G6PD deficiency. This quasi-experimental survey was done in Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol, Iran. First ultrasonography was done before initiation of ceftriaxone therapy and it was repeated 24-48 hours after therapy and in the 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after the treatment. If abnormal finding was seen, ultrasonography was done weekly in the first two weeks until the side effect disappeared. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS software. Of all 108 patients, who were between 3 months to 10 years old, 20 cases had abnormal findings in gallbladder [2 sludges and 18 pseudolithiases]. Length of fasting before ceftriaxone therapy had a positive relation with possibility of stone formation [p<0.005], but age, sex, duration of therapy and G6PD deficiency were not related [p>0.05]. In four cases pseudolithiasis was formed after only 1-2 doses of ceftriaxone. Shortest and longest periods of resolution of complications were 1 and 17 days respectively after formation. Incidence of pseudolithiasis or sludge formation during ceftriaxone therapy was 18.5% and fasting had a great effect on these complications
Subject(s)
Humans , Gallbladder , Cholelithiasis , ChildABSTRACT
Patients who developed acute respiratory failure due to different primary diseases are candidate to use mechanical ventilation. The outcome of critically ill child depends on how fast and carefully will be managed in PICU [Pediatric intensive care unit]. The purpose of this study was to determine the diseases need for mechanical ventilation. This cross-sectional study was done on 674 children who were admitted in PICU of Amirkola children hospital during 1999 to 2003. The information was gathered by questionnaires and diseases were classified according to ICD-10. Data were analyzed by statistical correlation, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. From 674 children who were admitted in PICU, 150 [22.2%] patients were on mechanical ventilation that 72% of them were under 5 years. The most common type of disease, which needs ventilator, was neurologic disease [24%]. There was a significant relationship between classification of diseases and outcome [P=0.004]. There was a significant relationship between length of admission and outcome [P=0.000]. Fifty-six percent of patients died. Since the number of children who required mechanical ventilation was high in under 5 years of age and the most need for mechanical ventilation was neurologic diseases in our PICU, we must have more attention in early diagnosis and treatment of these patients
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Osteopetrosis is a rare congenital bone disease, characterized by generalized increase in skeletal density. It has been recognized several types of osteopetrosis with varying severity
Cases: In this survey, three cases with osteopetrosis in a family are reported. Case 1 was a 2-month-old girl with anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, blindness, and generalized increase density of bones who was admitted in hospital with diagnosis of osteopetrosis congenital. She died at 11 months old due to septicemia. Case 2 was the brother of the case 1 who was diagnosed as osteopetrosis after birth according to increased bone density, which was shown on his bone survey. During three year follow up of the patient, there was no clinical or lab findings. Father of the patients had history of recurrent bone fracture with good healing. Radiography of his vertebral column showed increase density of bones. The diagnosis was done as osteopetrosis Tarda or Albers Schonberg disease
Conclusion: It was suggested that whenever radiography of the patient shows increase density of bone, one of the diagnosis could be osteopetrosis and it needs more investigation in the family