role of dyslipidemia in sensorineural hearing loss in children

The relationship between dyslipidemia and hearing is controversial, especially in children as data are scarce and limited to case reports. We sought to determine whether dyslipidemia is associated with sensorineural hearing loss [SNHL] in a group of 5-18 year old children and adolescents. Records of all 5 to 18 year old children who attended the pediatric endocrinology clinic of Loghman Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between April 2007 and April 2009, were reviewed. Records with a lipid profile were obtaimed and following confirmation of their; lipid profiles, they were enrolled if the results were the same as before [normal or dyslipidemic]. Pure tone thresholds, speech discrimination score and lipid profiles were analyzed. When controlled for age and sex, no associations between dyslipidemia and SNHL were found. There was also no statistically significant relationship between dyslipidemia and SNHL in different age groups. No association was found between dyslipidemia and SNHL in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years

[Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on insulin sensitivity and diabetes markers in type 2 diabetic patients]

Some cell culture and animal studies have reported that Conjugated Linoleic Acids [CLAs] have several health related benefits. CLAs have been shown to have antiadipogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. While increase in insulin resistance with 10-trans, 12-cis isomer of CLA was reported in some animal studies, there are controversial results about a 50:50 isomer mixture. The object of the present study was to determine the effect of CLAs supplementation [providing equal proportions of c9, t11 and t10, c12 - CLA] on plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, beta cell function and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was performed as an 8-week randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel intervention. Participants were 39 [19 men and 20 women] type 2 diabetic subjects [35 to 50 Y, BMI >25 and <30], stratified according to sex, age and BMI into two groups. Group one were given 3.0 g CLA/d [3x1 g capsules, a 50:50 isomer blend of c9, t11 and t10, c12 CLA] and, group 2 took CLA placebos [soy bean oil] for 8 weeks. Blood sample collection after fasting and 2 hours after a standard breakfast, was done before and after the intervention in order to determine insulin, glucose, pre insulin, c-peptide and HbA1c levels. No significant differences were seen in fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, proinsulin, C- peptide and HbA1c levels between groups or in insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and beta cell responsiveness. CLA supplementation has no effects on diabetes glucose level and insulin function and its prescription is not recommended

[High prevalence of diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance in urban Iranians aged over 20 years: determining an effective screening strategy for un-diagnosed diabetes]

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalences of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and combined IFG/IGT and to develop an effective screening strategy for undiagnosed diabetes in a large urban Iranian community. The study population included 9,519 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, aged > 20 years, with full relevant clinical data. Age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance categories were reported according to the 2003 American Diabetes Association definitions. The numbers needed to screen [NNTS] to find one person with undiagnosed diabetes were estimated from age-adjusted logistic regression models. The prevalences of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, isolated IFG, isolated IGT, and combined IFG/IGT were 8.1%, 5.1%, 8.7%, 5.4% and 4.0% in men and 10%, 4.7%, 6.3%, 7.6%, and 4.5% in women respectively. Un-diagnosed diabetes was associated with family history of diabetes, increased body mass index [BMI >/= 25 kg/m2], abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and low HDL-C levels. Among men, a combination of increased BMI, hypertension, and family history of diabetes led to an NNTS of 1.6 [95%CI: 1.57-1.71] and among women a combination of family history of diabetes and abdominal obesity, yielded an NNTS of 2.2 [95%CI: 2.1-2.4]. Approximately 32% of Tehranian adults had either diabetes or some degree of other glucose tolerance abnormalities. Nearly 40% of total cases with diabetes were undiagnosed. Screening individuals with family history of diabetes, BMI25 kg/m2, abdominal obesity and hypertension may have substantial advantages

[Serum nitric oxide metabolite levels in general healthy population: relation to sex and age]

Interest in measuring of serum nitrite/nitrate [NOx] concentration has increased during recent years as there are reports indicating that NOx levels affected by some diseases. This study was aimed at determining the serum NOx levels in healthy subjects within the framework of a population-based study. This was a descriptive analytical study carried out within the framework of Tehran lipid and glucose study participant. Serum NOx concentration was measured in 3505 subjects aged 20 years and over. The exclusion criteria were high blood pressure, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidemia, and renal dysfunction. Afterthat 786 non-smoker healty subjects were in cluded in the analysis. Serum NOx concentration was determined in all samples obtained following an overnight fasting period. The serum level of NOx in different age groups was further compared. Later, comparison between the lowest and highest quartiles of NOx levels was performed for both genders. The mean +/- SD serum NOx concentration was 26.0 +/- 12.9 mmol/l with insignificant difference between men [25.6 +/- 11.8] and women [26.1 +/- 13.3 mmol/l]. No age-related change in serum NOx concentration was observed in either sex. Women and not men with high serum NOx had significantly higher weight, waist circumferences, and systolic blood pressure even after adjustment for menopausal status [p<0.05]. Based on data found in present study it seems that the serum NOx concentration in healthy subjects to be strongly controlled, thus, any significant change in serum level of NOx could be considered as a reflection of altered physiological status

[Non-communicable disease risk factors in children of parents with an ECG evidence of myocardial infarction Tehran lipid and glucose Study]

The aim of this study was to assess non-communicable disease risk factors in children of parents with an ECG evidence of myocardial infarction [MI], and compare them with children from families with no such parental history. Of 15005 participants in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, all individuals over the age of 30 years underwent routine ECG exams. Among these, 303 off springs aged 3-30 years, who had one or two parents with possible or probable myocardial infarction [MI] according to the Minnesota coding were selected. An age and sex-matched sample of 601 off springs who had no parental evidence of ECG-defined MI were randomly selected as the control group. Risk factors studied were: BMI, blood pressure, FBS, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides and the metabolic syndrome. A "paternal" and "parental" history of MI was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively, [34.9% vs. 24.8%] and a lower prevalence of high blood pressure, [12.2% vs. 18.1%], in their off springs. Likewise, in male children of fathers or both parents with ECG evidence of MI, a lower prevalence of hypertension was noticed, Compared with the control group, in female children of mothers with a history of MI,a higher prevalence of elevated serum LDL-C was found [28.0% vs. 10.7%] [p<0.05]. Paternal MI was associated with increased prevalence of higher body mass indices [BMI] in their off springs [OR=1.6 95% CI: 1.1-2.4p<0.05]. There is a significant familial correlation between paternal history of MI and overweight and obesity in their offspring

Serum lipoprotein [LP[a]] levels in patients with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance: an evaluation and comparison

Lipoprotein [a] [Lp[a]] is known as an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis and changes in serum level of this molecule and other lipoproteins have been noticed in diabetic patients because the most important cause of death in these patients is related to their cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, patients with IGT [Impaired Glucose Tolerance] are more at risk of cardiovascular disease than the normal population. The main purpose of this study is to comparie Lp[a] serum levels between diabetic patients, patients with IGT and normal controls without any glucose metabolism disturbance. In this study, 180 patients [112 females, average age of 51 +/- 11 years and 68 males, average age of 54 +/- 14 years] were selected and placed in three separate age and sex matched groups [60 patients in each group] as Diabetic, IGT and Control group. After taking clinical history and determining body measurements, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and Lp[a] were measured in fasting blood samples. Lp[a] serum levels were not significantly different between the three groups. [DM:25.4 +/- 20.9, IGT: 24 +/- 21.4, Control: 24.6 +/- 17.9 mg/dL]. An increase in serum triglyceride was found in the diabetic patients compared with the controls. [DM: 210.6 +/- 91.5, control: 159 +/- 71.9 mg/dL p = 0.04]. HDL-C levels showed no significant difference between groups. In addition, HDL-C levels of the all three groups were lower than the recommended range of Coronary Artery Disease prevention. [average range of the three groups: 37.4 +/- 8.7 mg/dL] Total Cholesterol and LDL-C serum levels were higher in diabetic patients compared with the controls. [DM: 222.3 +/- 35.4 vs Control group: 191.7 +/- 46.5 mg/dL p < 0.007 and DM: 141.2 +/- 32.4 vs Control: 119.0 +/- 36.6 mg/dL p < 0.03]. In the IGT group, serum lipids levels were between the levels of the diabetic and control groups none of these differences were significant. This study shows that Lp[a] serum levels do not change in Diabetes Mellitus and IGT

relationship between glucose intolerance and blood pressure, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio in Tehran urban population: "Tehran lipid and glucose study"

Glucose intolerance, hypertension, and obesity are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In this study we aim at assessing the association between WHR, BMI, and blood pressure and glucose tolerance status. Of 15000 urban individuals, 3-69 years old, chosen by cluster random sampling in the cross-sectional phase of a longitudinal study in the east of Tehran, 2886 men and 4013 women, between 30-69 years of age, underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Diabetes mellitus [OM] and impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] were defined using WHO criteria. Blood pressure, weight, height, and hip and waist circumferences were measured according to standard protocols, and BMI and WHR were calculated. 911 subjects [13.2%] had IGT and 372 [5.4%] had diabetes. Obesity [BMI;:O:30 k and ,m2] was more common in OM and IGT than healthy individuals [45.1% and 39.1% vs 22.9%, respectively, p<0.001]. There was no significant difference among the prevalence of overweight [250.8 in females and WHR>0.95 in males] was present in 82.7, 75.6 and 53.7% of diabetics, IGT, and normal subjects respectively [p<0.001]. In forward stepwise logistic regression adjusted for age and sex, the following variables, in order of entering the model, were significantly associated with OM: age OR=4.4] 95% CI: 3-6.5, p<0.001]; Truncal obesity OR=1.8 [95% CI: 1.3-2.4, 0.001]; obesity OR=3 [95% CI: 2-4.3, p<0.001]; and overweight OR=2 [1.4-2.9, P<0.001]. Prevalences of hypertension in OM, IGT, and healthy subjects were 51.9, 39.5, and 18.8%, respectively [p<0.001] and when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and WHR, all types of glucose disorders were significantly associated with hypertension: IGT OR=1.8 [95% CI: 1.5-2, p<0.001] and OM OR=2.4 [95% CI: 1.9-3, p<0.001]. Hypertension, obesity, and high WHR are more prevalent in individuals with diabetes and IGT than in normal population. Furthermore, truncal obesity is more often associated with glucose intolerance than with generalized obesity