Evaluation of [222]Rn rate in medical dormitory of Kerman city

Radon [[222]Rn] Measurement in the residential environments is very important because of its effecting on human health and causing cancer in the respiratory system. [222]Rn is individually responsible for half of the natural radiation received in humans and influences on human by breathing. Hence, this study was undertaken to access the [222]Rn level in the dormitories of Kerman university of medical science [southeast of Iran] to ensure its safety level. In this study, for measuring [222]Rn level in seven dormitories of the Kerman University of Medical Sciences, the Lucas cell technique was used. This study was undertaken during the winter because of the high concentration of radon in this season due to closed building ambience. In this study, the highest measured radon gas rate was 24.5 Bq/m[3] in Boustan [1]. Average concentrations of the radon gas in all dormitories were 4.7 Bq/m[3], which is lower than the standard level. The results of this study showed that the [222]Rn level in all dormitories was lower than the normal amount [48 Bq/m3] as well as the standard level

[Application of dry activated sludge for lead and cadmium adsorption: isotherm and kinetic modeling]

Heavy metals have an important role on organism life and their high concentration may be a great threat for humans and other organisms' lives. Up to now, various methods have been used for the removal of these metals, which include the adsorption process. The aim of this study was the recovery of municipal disposals, and using as absorbent for lead and cadmium removal from aqueous solutions. Adsorption of lead and cadmium on dry activated sludge was investigated. Activated sludge was obtained from diary industry [Tehran]. All experiments were performed in batch system on 202 synthetic samples to investigate the effects of pH, contact time initial concentration lead and cadmium and adsorbent dose. The most conventional adsorption and kinetic models were applied to describe metal adsorption and dynamic reaction. The results showed that with increasing of adsorbent doses, contact time and pH solution, lead and cadmium removal efficiency increased. The maximum lead and cadmium adsorption was obtained at pH: 6 and an equivalent time of 180 min. With increasing initial concentration of lead and cadmium, removal efficiency decreased. The obtained results in this study were matched with langmuir 2 isotherm [R[2]>0.99] and interparticle diffusion kinetic [R[2]>0.94]. Maximum adsorption capacity of lead and cadmium on dry activated sludge was obtained to be 2.66 and 1.66mg/g, respectively. Maximum constant rate of lead and cadmium was 0.045 and 0.041mg/g.min[0.5], respectively. According to the results, dry activated sludge is recommended as a low cost and available adsorbent to remove lead and cadmium from aqueous solutions

Survey efficiency of electrocoagulation on nitrate removal from aqueous solution

Water supply for consumption is one of the crucial objectives of water supply systems. Using of excessive fertilizer is a main source of nitrate content in water. The high amounts of nitrate in water have a determinable effect on the environment which must be removed due to drinking and industrial water standards. The purpose of this study is nitrate removal from aqueous solution by Electrocoagulation process. The applied pilot was comprised of a reservoir, electrode and power supply. In this study pH, electrical potential difference, nitrate initial concentration, total dissolved solid, kind of electrode, electrode connection methods and number of electrode were studied. Moreover, obtained optimum conditions were tested on Kerman water. The results showed that the electrocoagulation process can reach nitrate to less than standard limit. pH, electrical potential difference, total dissolved solids and number of electrodes have direct effect and initial concentration of nitrate has reverse effect on nitrate removal. This study also showed that under optimum condition, nitrate removal from Kerman water distribution system was 89.7%. According to the results, Electrocoagulation process is suggested as an effective technique in nitrate removal

efficiency of electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes in removal of hardness from water

There are various techniques for removal of water hardness each with its own special advantages and disadvantages. Electrochemical or electrocoagulation method due to its simplicity has gained a great attention and is used for removal of various ions and organic matters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of this technique in removal of water hardness under different conditions. This experimental study was performed using a pilot plant. The applied pilot was comprised of a reservoir containing aluminum sheet electrodes. The electrodes were connected as monopolar and a power supply was used for supplying direct electrical current. Drinking water of Kerman [southeast of Iran] was used in the experiments. The efficiency of the system in three different pH, voltages and time intervals were determined. Results showed the efficiency of 95.6% for electrocoagulation technique in hardness removal. pH and electrical potential had direct effect on hardness removal in a way that the highest efficiency rate was obtained in pH=10.1, potential difference of 20 volt and detention time of 60 minutes. Considering the obtained efficiency in the present study, electrocoagulation technique may be suggested as an effective alternative technique in hardness removal

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with non sterile phlebotomy [case report]]

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [C-JD] is a rare disorder characterized with rapidly progressive mental decline, myoclonic jerk and finally death. The transmissible pathogen for this disease is a proteinaceous infectious particle termed prion. The prion protein is encoded by a gene [designated as PRNP] on the short arm chromosome 20.This disorder is diagnosed based on clinical findings, course of disease, EEG, MRI and confirmed with brain biopsy. A 56- year- old woman presented with confusion, disorientation, hyper somnolence, psychiatric problems such as hallucination, progressive mental deterioration and myoclonic jerks. She had history of several times phlebotomy with traditional and non sterile methods in two past years. She had no past history of other disease. Her illness was diagnosed based on clinical findings, course of her illness, typical MRI, EEG and rule out other dementing disease. She died after one month. in any patients with psychiatric disorders, rapidly progressive mental deterioration and myoclonic jerks C-JD should be considered as an important diagnosis. Treatable dementing disease should be considered and ruled out at first. The significance of phlebotomy in C-JD has yet to be determined