Effect of added trace elements on the dielectric properties of bone

The dielectric properties [dielectric constant and dielectric loss] of hydrated solid and powdered bone are determined at 10 kHz and at the temperature range 25C-230C. The effect of mixing dehydrated powdered bone with certain added trace elements [Li2CO3, Na2CO3, MgO, Al2O3, PbO and ZnO] in 10% proportions by weight on the dielectric properties was also studied. Measurements were carried out, on disc shaped samples using standard bridge techniques. Results on dielectric constant and its variation with temperature show that addition of Li2CO3, ZnO and PbO had desired effects. The results also showed how the dielectric properties are related to the structure of bone material

Trace elements determination using ARC nebulization and atomic absorption spectrometry

Arc-nebulization is a thermal process for producing a dry aerosol from solid samples. This aerosol can be transported and introduced into the flame of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer in a simillar way to a wet aerosol applied in conventional flame atomic absorption A.d.c. arcnebulizer with a versatile aerosol transporting system has been furnished in this laboratory and used for the analysis of small amounts of powdered, metallic and liquid samples. This device can easily be adapted to any atomic absorption instrument supplemented with an electronic integrator. Integration of the analytical signal is important because the arcnebulization is not stationary with small samples. This technique was applied to the trace determination of lead in copper alloys. Detection limit of 0.7 ppm of lead, was resulted using 60 mg copper sample. Relative standard deviation was in 4-6% range in this analysis. Synthetic standard mixtures or solution standards may also be applicable to solid sample analysis in certain cases. Absolute detection limits between 1- 80 ng were established for Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn using air-acetylene flame