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1.
Acta biol. colomb ; 13(1): 107-118, ene.-abr. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634999

ABSTRACT

Alteraciones ambientales causadas por el calentamiento global y principalmente causa-das por la acción del hombre, han reducido poblaciones naturales de peces. Como forma de conservación, programas de repoblamiento han sido utilizados; sin embargo, sin una debida orientación científica, estas medidas pueden generar disturbios genéticos sobre la diversidad genética de poblaciones de peces naturales y sobre el ecosistema. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar y analizar la variabilidad genética de dos lotes y una progenie de Brycon orbignyanus utilizados en programas de repoblamiento, utilizando el marcador molecular RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Cincuenta y ocho reproductores de dos lotes (A y C) y 30 larvas de la progenie del lote A (B) pertenecientes a la Estação de Aqüicultura e Hidrologia da Duke Energy Internacional (Geração Parana-panema; São Paulo, Brasil) fueron analizados. Los resultados de variabilidad genética estimados por el índice de diversidad de Shannon (A: 0,3184; B: 0,3433 y C: 0,3687) y por el porcentaje de fragmentos polimórficos (A: 54,02%; B: 57,47% y C: 58,62%) mostraron que la variabilidad genética fue mantenida en la progenie, debido posiblemente al adecuado manejo reproductivo y al efecto fundador. Por el contrario, la variabilidad encontrada entre los dos lotes de reproductores indica una similaridad genética, a pesar de ser originarios de diferentes pisciculturas. Este resultado es comprobado en el valor moderado de diferenciación genética encontrado (0,0968), en el alto Nm (4,67) y en el dendrograma, que sugieren que los lotes poseen un pool genético similar.


Environmental alterations caused by the global heating and mainly caused by man's action, have reduced natural fish populations. As a conservation measure, stocking programs have been used; however, without scientific orientation these measures can generate genetic disturbances on the genetic diversity of natural fish populations and the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to estimate and analyze the genetic variability of Brycon orbignyanus stocks and offspring used in stocking programs, using the molecular marker RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Fifty eight broodstocks of two stocks (A and C) and thirty offspring larvae of the stock A (B) belonging to the Estação de Aqüiicultura e Hidrologia da Duke Energy International (Geração Paranapanema; São Paulo, Brazil ) were analyzed. The results of genetic variability estimated by the Shannon Index diversity (A: 0.3184; B: 0.3433 and C: 0.3687) and for the percentage of polymorphic fragments (A: 54.02%; B: 57.47% and C: 58.62%) showed that the genetic variability was maintained in the offspring, due possibly to the appropriate reproductive management and the founder effect. On the contrary, the variability found among the two broodstocks indicates a genetic similarity, in spite of being natives of different fish farming's. This result is verified in the moderate value of genetic differentiation found (0.0968), in the high Nm (4.67) and the dendrogram, which suggests that the stocks hold a similar genetic pool.

2.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 28(1): 47-50, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460395

ABSTRACT

Sixty-six trairão (Hoplias lacerdae) fingerlings (average weight of 2.0±0.5 g and total length of 5.8±0.2 cm), trained to accept dry rations, were allotted to six 15-L aquariums, with aeration and controlled temperature (24.0±0.5ºC), in a density of 0.7 juveniles/L, aiming to evaluate the effects of darkness on fish productive performance. The treatments consisted of two photoperiods: 12 hours light: 12 hours dark (12L:12D) and 0 hour light: 24 hours dark (0L:24D), with three replicates. Fingerlings were fed ad libitum a commercial extruded diet (42% CP), twice a day. The aquariums were cleaned daily for excrement withdrawal through siphoning, exchanging » total volume. At the end of the experiment (30 days), weight gain, feed:gain ratio and survival and cannibalism rates were evaluated. The results showed that darkness did not affect the productive performance of trairão juveniles


Sessenta e seis alevinos de trairão (Hoplias lacerdae) (peso médio de 2,0±0,5 g e comprimento total de 5,8±0,2 cm) condicionados à aceitação de rações secas foram distribuídos em 6 aquários de 15 L de água com temperatura de 24,0±0,5ºC, densidade de estocagem de 0,7 juvenis/L e aeração constante, com o objetivo de avaliar a ausência de luz no desempenho produtivo dos peixes. Os tratamentos consistiram dos fotoperíodos: 12 horas luz:12 horas escuro (12L:12E) e 0 horas luz:24 horas escuro (0L:24E), com 3 repetições cada. Os alevinos foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia, com ração comercial extrusada (42% proteína bruta). Diariamente, os aquários foram sifonados com a troca de 25% do volume total de água. Ao final de 30 dias, foram avaliados ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e taxas de sobrevivência e de canibalismo. Os resultados demonstraram que a ausência de luz não influenciou o desempenho produtivo dos alevinos de trairão

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