ABSTRACT
A study was performed to investigate the effects of exercise and <I>Spirulina platensis</I> (SPL) intake on the hapten specific immune response of growing mice.<BR>Male BALB/C mice aged five weeks were divided into 6 groups : Group A was a control group given a normal diet ; group B, sedentary with a normal diet ; group C, exercise with a normal diet ; group D, control with SPL diet ; group E, sedentary with a SPL diet ; group F, exercise with a SPL diet. The mice in groups C and F were trained by swimming for about 30 min 4 times a week for 5 weeks. The SPL diet was a mixture of SPL (20%) and the normal diet (80%) . At 4 weeks after the experiment, the mice belonging to groups B, C, E and F were sensitized with 1% toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) . Five days after sensitization, TDI was painted on the ears of the mice, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was evaluated by measuring the ear thickness at 24 h later as an index. After this evaluation, the body weights of the mice, the weights of the thymus and spleen, and serum TDI-specific IgG antibody levels as an index of humoral immunity, were measured.<BR>In the mormal diet groups, the highest DTH reaction was shown in the exercise group, followed by the sedentary group. On the other hand, the DTH reactions in the SPL diet groups were significantly suppressed in both the sedentary and exercise groups. However, a slightly higher DTH reaction was shown in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. Body weights of mice in the exercise groups receiving both the normal and SPL diets were suppressed in comparison with the control and sedentary groups. Although increased spleen weights were shown in all the sensitized groups, thymus weights in the 6 groups were not changed. TDI-specific IgG antibody levels were also not changed in any of the TDI sensitized groups.<BR>From these results, the SPL diet seemed to effectively suppress the DTH reaction, and might be effective for treatment of various types of contact hypersensitivity which are currently the focus of clinical attention.
ABSTRACT
A study was performed to investigate the effects of exercise and <I>Spirulina platensis</I> (SPL) intake on the hapten specific immune response of growing mice.<BR>Male BALB/C mice aged five weeks were divided into 6 groups : Group A was a control group given a normal diet ; group B, sedentary with a normal diet ; group C, exercise with a normal diet ; group D, control with SPL diet ; group E, sedentary with a SPL diet ; group F, exercise with a SPL diet. The mice in groups C and F were trained by swimming for about 30 min 4 times a week for 5 weeks. The SPL diet was a mixture of SPL (20%) and the normal diet (80%) . At 4 weeks after the experiment, the mice belonging to groups B, C, E and F were sensitized with 1% toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) . Five days after sensitization, TDI was painted on the ears of the mice, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was evaluated by measuring the ear thickness at 24 h later as an index. After this evaluation, the body weights of the mice, the weights of the thymus and spleen, and serum TDI-specific IgG antibody levels as an index of humoral immunity, were measured.<BR>In the mormal diet groups, the highest DTH reaction was shown in the exercise group, followed by the sedentary group. On the other hand, the DTH reactions in the SPL diet groups were significantly suppressed in both the sedentary and exercise groups. However, a slightly higher DTH reaction was shown in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. Body weights of mice in the exercise groups receiving both the normal and SPL diets were suppressed in comparison with the control and sedentary groups. Although increased spleen weights were shown in all the sensitized groups, thymus weights in the 6 groups were not changed. TDI-specific IgG antibody levels were also not changed in any of the TDI sensitized groups.<BR>From these results, the SPL diet seemed to effectively suppress the DTH reaction, and might be effective for treatment of various types of contact hypersensitivity which are currently the focus of clinical attention.
ABSTRACT
Effects of taurine on the functions of the body and metabolism with 3km running upon taking a diet, which is constituted of lowest possible amount of carbohydrate and highest possible amount of fat and protein, were investigated in 25 male and female subjects of age thirties by double blind test method. The results were as follows<BR>1) Taurine administration (T. A.) proved to inhibit the degree of increase in heart rate and increase the maximal degree of pulse pressure in response to 3 km running.<BR>2) T. A. proved to inhibit the degree of increase in serum creatine kinase isozyme MB (CK-MB) activities and CK-MB/CK ratio.<BR>3) T. A. proved to inhibit the decrease of serum total protein values immediately before running and in the following morning. Similar trends in terms of the particuler times were observed, too, in the case of the degree of decrease of serum triglycerides values.<BR>4) T. A. seemed to accelerate the utilization of saturated fatty acids especially.<BR>5) Three kilometer running seemed to increase in serum taurine concentrations from several hours after running to the morning immediately after running.
ABSTRACT
Effects of 5 km running upon taking a low-carbohydrate, high-fat and protein diet on the body, in fourteen healthy young males and three healthy young females, all being affected by taurine inducement, were investigated by double blind test method. The results obtained were as follows ;<BR>1) As to the degree of in heart rate upon 5 km running, in males, there were no differences between taurine administration group (M-group) and placebo administration group (P-group) . But in females, recordings in P-group were much larger than those of M-group.<BR>2) As to the degree of increase in systolic blood pressure upon 5 km running, in males, no differences between both groups were observed, but in females, recordings in P-group were larger than those of M-group.<BR>3) Both serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activities did not recover to pre-exercise levels during 3 days after 5 km running in both groups of both sexes.<BR>4) In the rate of CK-MB against CK, not only P-group of females had extraordinary high levels immediately after 5 km running, but also P-group of both sexes had higher levels on 3rd and 5th day after 5 km runnning than M-group.<BR>5) In both sexes P-group was larger than M-group in the degree of increase in blood lactate and serum triglyceride levels.<BR>6) As to the changes in serum total protein levels, in males, no differences between both groups were observed, but in females, P-group had extraordinary low levels on 1st day after 5 km running and maintained low levels during 5 days recovery.<BR>7) As to the changes in both serum total fatty acids levels and the rate of unsaturated fatty acids against total fatty acids, no differences were observed between both groups of both sexes.<BR>8) As to the degree of increase in plasma noradrenalin and adrenalin levels, in males, no differences between both groups were observed, but in females, recordings in M-group were larger than those of P-group.
ABSTRACT
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of long distance walking upon physical functions for healthy male subjects. The first experiment was carried out in 1977, the second, in 1978, and the third, in 1979 in each autum season. At the first experiment, subjects began walking upon having breakfast, then ate and drank noting during first 30km, and took some foods during another 26km. Twelve hours and fifty minutes of time was spent for 56km walking including 15, 60, and 30 minutes rest periods in between. In the second experiment, subjects ate nothing after dinner of the previous evening and 35km walking took 6 hours during which some rest periods were taken for blood sampling. The third was 80km walking for two days. Subjects walked 40km in 8 hours in the first day and on the following day they walked 40km in ten hours and twenty minutes. They took foods and rest freely.<BR>From the view points of the changes in blood and urinary recordings obtained from those three experiments, the influences of long distance walking on the body indicate as follows ;<BR>1) In case of long distance walking while nothing to eat and drink, the rate of serum saturated fatty acids composition decreased and unsaturated fatty acids increased.<BR>2) In a fasting state, blood glucose gradually decreased, LDH activity increased and blood lactate, GOT and GPT activity presented no significant changes on long distance walking.<BR>3) It was shown that the longer distance to walk, the lesser tendency in blood triglyceride even though subjects take a carbohydrate rich diet while walking.<BR>4) In fasting state, less than 35km walking without foods, the stress to the body seemed not to be critical.<BR>5) More than 40km walking in a day, even though taking meals, would result a significantly severe stress for body.<BR>6) As long as usual meals are taken, 80km walking for two days continuously, 40km in each day, would not result in such a physical stress over the following days.
ABSTRACT
Effects of 20km running uppn taking a low-carbohydrate, high-fat and protein diet on the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, body weight, skinf old thickness, blood components and urinary recordings in five healthy young men were investigated and the changes in these items which occured by taurine inducement were studied by double blind test method. The results were as follows:<BR>1) As to the degree of decrease in body weight in 20km running, the case in taurine administration (T. A.) was more than in placebo administration (P. A.) .<BR>2) As to the degree of increase in systolic pressure upon 20km running, T. A. was less than P. A. 3) The rate of creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB) against creatine kinase (CK), which increased after 20km running in P. A., was possible to reduce by T. A.<BR>4) T. A. was less than P.A. in the rate of increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on 20km running.<BR>5) In P. A., triglyceride increased after 20km running, but in T. A., it decreased.<BR>6) T. A, much influenced the rate of individual fatty acid composition on 20km running<BR>7) T. A, was more than P. A. in the secretion of adrenaline on 20km running.<BR>8) No changes were observed in other blood components and urinary kallikrein.