Effect of somatostatin on gastrointestinal hormone levels and clinical outcomes in critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the effects of somatostatin on the levels of gastrointestinal hormones and clinical outcomes in critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery.@*METHODS@#Using a random number table method, critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Xuzhou Children's Hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were randomly divided into an observation group (29 cases) and a control group (30 cases). The control group received routine treatment such as anti-infection and hemostasis after surgery, while the observation group received somatostatin in addition to the routine treatment [3.5 μg/(kg·h) infusion for 7 days]. The levels of serum gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) before surgery, on the 3rd day after surgery, and on the 7th day after surgery were compared between the two groups. The recovery progress and incidence of complications after surgery were also compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the levels of serum GAS, MTL, insulin, and GLP-1 between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05). On the 3rd and 7th day after surgery, the levels of serum GAS, MTL, insulin, and GLP-1 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, the levels of GAS, MTL, insulin, and GLP-1 on the 7th day after surgery were higher than those before surgery and on the 3rd day after surgery (P<0.05), and the levels on the 3rd day after surgery were higher than those before surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of serum GAS, MTL, and insulin before surgery, on the 3rd day after surgery, and on the 7th day after surgery in the control group (P>0.05). The level of GLP-1 on the 7th day after surgery was higher than that before surgery and on the 3rd day after surgery (P<0.05), and the level on the 3rd day after surgery was higher than that before surgery (P<0.05) in the control group. The observation group had shorter first time of anal exhaust, recovery time of bowel sounds, and first time of defecation after surgery compared to the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications after surgery in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (10% vs 33%, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Somatostatin can increase the levels of serum GAS, MTL, insulin, and GLP-1 in critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery, promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

Influencing factors of secondary primary cancer in patients with acute lymphoid leukemia / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of second primary cancer (SPC) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database of the National Cancer Institute was used to extract data, and SEER*Stat program 8.4.0 was used to calculate the standardized incidence rate ratio (SIR) and absolute excess rate (AER). In addition, Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of different age, race, sex, chemotherapy, and radiation and other factors for secondary tumors by R 4.2.1, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the cumulative incidence. Results A total of 22 407 cases were included, and the person-years of follow-up were 142780.82. There was a total of 436 SPC cases, 32 of which developed multiple cancers. The median time of secondary cancers was 47.5 months. Patients with ALL had a higher risk of SPC than the general population (SIR=2.27; 95% , CI:2.07-2.50), and the most observed SPC was lymphatic and hematopoietic system, with an SIR of 6.96 (95% CI:5.94-8.11). The risk of SPC in ALL patients diagnosed in different time periods showed an upward trend, from 1.98 in 2000 to 2.38 in 2019. With the increase of age, the risk of SPC in ALL patients gradually decreased. Chemotherapy reduced the risk of SPC (HR=0.26; 95%CI: 0.19-0.36), while radiotherapy increased the risk of SPC by 59.60% (HR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.23-2.00). Conclusion In the future, chemotherapy is recommended for ALL patients to reduce radiation exposure during radiotherapy, and more attention should be paid to the health status of ALL patients within 1-5 years after their onset.

Development and verification of plaque method for detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus titer / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop and verify a plaque method for detection of infectious titer of tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)strain(PHKT strain for short)adapted to primary hamster kidney(PHK)cells.Methods PHK cells were infected with TBEV,a primary mouse brain adaption strain,and passed consecutively for 12 passages.The titer of PHKT was detected by plaque method(Monolayer BHK-21 cells were infected with PHKT of various passages at different dilution ratios,and the plaque number was calculated by neutral red staining)and challenge titration in mouse brain(Mice were challenged with PHKT of various passages at different dilution ratios through brain cavity,0.03 mL for each,observed continuously for 14 days,and calculated for the median lethal dose(LD50)by Reed-Muench method)respectively,and the correlation between the results of two methods was analyzed.The developed plaque method for the detection of TBEV titer was verified for specificity,repeatability and intermediate precision.Results The plaque titer of PHKT virus was up to8.9 lgPFU/mL;The correlation between the results of plaque method and mouse brain challenge titration method was good(r = 0.92);The specificity of plaque method for detecting infectious titer of PHKT virus was good,and the coefficients of variation(CVs)of repeatability and intermediate precision were both less than 5%.Conclusion A plaque method for detecting infectious titer of PHKT virus was developed,which may be used as an alternative method for challenge titration in mouse brain.

Effects of SQLE gene on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of squamous cervical cancer cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of squalene ep-oxidase ( SQLE) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and the molecular mechanism. Methods Firstly, the gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) database was used to analyze the mRNA expression of SQLE in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and normal cervical tissues, and the human protein atlas ( HPA) database was used to obtain the expression of SQLE protein in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and normal cervical tissues. We researched the correlation between SQLE gene and the clinicopathological characteristics of cervical squamous cell carcinoma through UALCAN database. Then GEPIA database was utilized to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients with high expression of SQLE mRNA. Finally, Siha cells were taken as the research object, and the effects of SQLE gene on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of Siha cells were observed by using small interfering RNA ( siRNA) to inhibit the expression of SQLE gene and transfecting recombinant plasmid to promote the expression of SQLE gene. The mRNA expression of SQLE was assessed by qPT-PCR. Bax, Bcl-2, Vimentin, E-cadherin, PI3K, Akt, p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expression levels were examined by Western blot. Results The mRNA expression and protein expression of SQLE in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0. 05 ), and the OS of patients with high expression of SQLE mRNA was significantly shortened in cervical squamous cell carcinoma ( P < 0. 05 ). The expression of SQLE in stage IV of cervical squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in stage I, II and III (P < 0. 01). And the expression of SQLE in lymph node metastasis Nl group was markedly higher than that in NO group ( P < 0. 01 ). Cell experiments showed that interference with SQLE could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of Siha cells, and promote their apoptosis (P < 0. 01 ). The trend was opposite when SQLE was overexpressed. SQLE knockdown decreased the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Vimentin, p-PI3K and p-Akt, increased the protein expression levels of Bax and E-cadherin, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decreased significantly (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01 ) . The trend was opposite when SQLE was overexpressed. Conclusions SQLE is highly expressed in human cervical squamous cell carcinoma. SQLE may induce Siha cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibit their apoptosis by regulating PDK/Akt signaling pathway.

Gene Analysis for the Sebaceous Carcinoma of Scalp by Whole Exome Sequencing / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo reveal the differences of the related pathogenicity gene mutations between sebaceous adenocarcinoma （SC） of scalp and sebaceous adenoma （SA） of scalp on whole exome level. MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed on a SC sample and a SA sample by Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. Suspicious single nucleotide variation sites were selected for mutation conservation and functional analysis. SciClone was used to track subclone evolution and clonal map information was obtained for each tumor sample. The high-frequency significant gene mutations in the tumor sample were screened by MutSigCV software， and compared with the known driver genes. ResultsTwo driver genes TFDP1 and ACVR1B harboring mutations in scalp SC compared to SA were found. ConclusionsThe finding of mutation in driver genes TFDP1 and ACVR1B should be confirmed in a large cohort， which might reveal the mechanism of scalp SC development and find a therapeutic target for SC.

Effective constituents of essential oil from Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis and anti-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury mechanism: based on GC-MS, network pharmacology, and experimental verification / 中国中药杂志

Based on GC-MS and network pharmacology, the active constituents, potential targets, and mechanism of essential oil from Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis(EOGFA) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury were explored, and the effective constituents were verified by experiment. To be specific, GC-MS was used identify the constituents of the volatile oil. Secondly, the targets of the constituents and disease were predicted by network pharmacology, and the drug-constituent-target network was constructed, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the core targets. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding affinity between the active constituents and the targets. Finally, SD rats were used for experimental verification. The I/R injury model was established, and the neurological behavior score, infarct volume, and pathological morphology of brain tissue were measured in each group. The content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) by Western blot. A total of 22 active constituents and 17 core targets were screened out. The core targets were involved in 56 GO terms and the major KEGG pathways of TNF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the active constituents had high affinity to the targets. The results of animal experiment suggested that EOGFA can alleviate the neurological impairment, decrease the cerebral infarct volume and the content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and down-regulate the expression of VEGF. The experiment verified the part results of network pharmacology. This study reflects the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of EOGFA. The mechanism of its active constituents is related to TNF and VEGF pathways, which provides a new direction for in-depth research on and secondary development of Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.

Effect of somatostatin on postoperative gastrointestinal function and stress level in children with acute abdomen: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of somatostatin on postoperative gastrointestinal function and stress level in children with acute abdomen.@*METHODS@#A total of 102 children with acute abdomen who underwent surgery in Xuzhou Children's Hospital from August 2019 to June 2021 were enrolled as subjects and were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 51 children in each group. The children in the control group were given conventional treatment such as hemostasis and anti-infective therapy after surgery, and those in the observation group were given somatostatin in addition to conventional treatment. Peripheral blood samples were collected from both groups before surgery and on days 1 and 5 after surgery. The two groups were compared in terms of the serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, gastrin, and motilin, postoperative recovery, and the incidence rate of complications.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the serum levels of ET-1, ACTH, cortisol, gastrin, and motilin between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly lower serum levels of ET-1, ACTH, and cortisol on days 1 and 5 after surgery (P<0.05) and significantly higher levels of motilin and gastrin on day 5 after surgery (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter time to first passage of flatus, first bowel sounds, and first defecation after surgery, as well as a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (P<0.05). The incidence rate of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6% vs 24%, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In children with acute abdomen, somatostatin can significantly reduce postoperative stress response, improve gastrointestinal function, and reduce the incidence rate of complications, thereby helping to achieve a good prognosis.

SNP double peak methods through chloroplast genome profiling for identifying Gentiana crassicaulis and two closely related species / 药学学报

italic>Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. is one of the plant sources of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (QinJiao). Gentiana tibetica King ex Hook. f. and Gentiana robusta King ex Hook. f. are relative species of G. crassicaulis. Due to the large intraspecific morphological variation, G. crassicaulis showed high morphological similarity with G. tibetica and G. robusta. And the distribution area of the three species overlaps to some extent, which makes it difficult to identify them. On the basis of morphological identification, the method of molecular identification of the three species was constructed in this study based on chloroplast genomes. The chloroplast genome of Gentiana tibetica is 148 765bp long, with LSC, SSC and IR 81 163 bp, 17 070 bp and 25 266 bp, respectively. The structure of the three is consistent. The chloroplast genome sequences of G. tibetica and G. crassicaulis are highly similar, and the number of variable sites is 9 (149 267 bp in total). Diagnostic SNP that could effectively identify the three species was screened and verified, and a dual-peak SNP detection method was established for the effective identification of each species and mixed samples. Our study provides basic data for the molecular identification of G. crassicaulis and its related species, and the arrangement of related Tibetan medicine.

Correlation of intraocular pressure changes and the surgical parameters after SMILE for high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the correlation of changes in non-contact intraocular pressure(IOPNCT)and the surgical parameters after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for high myopia.MOTHODS:A retrospective analysis, the clinical data of 98 patients(196 eyes)with high myopia were operated SMILE in the optometric center of Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2018 to July 2019 were analyzed. The change of IOPNCT before and after operation was observed, and recorded the optical zone(OZ), lenticule thickness(LT), cap thickness(CT)and residual stromal thickness(RST)and the correlation with the change value of IOPNCT(△IOPNCT, △IOPNCT=IOPpreoperative-IOP postoperative at 6mo).RESULTS:After operation at 1d, 1wk, 1,3 and 6mo, the group of patients with IOPNCT(10.84±2.14,11.00±2.19,10.65±2.43,10.45±2.04,10.61±1.39mmHg)and the preoperative(16.79±1.65mmHg)comparison have a difference(P<0.001).The optical zone and lenticule thickness were positively correlated with △IOPNCT respectively(r=0.1537, 0.8161, all P<0.05). The cap thickness and residual stromal thickness were negatively correlated with △IOPNCT respectively(r=-0.8362, -0.3351, all P<0.0001). Introduce the above related factors into a multiple linear regression analysis model. The regression coefficients of variables are statistical significane. The regression equation was Y=16.189+0.227X1+0.032X2-0.083X3-0.007X4(Y=△IOPNCT, X1=OZ, X2=LT, X3=CT, X4=RST). The equation was statistically significant(F=195.704, P<0.001), and the regression model coefficient of determination R2=0.901.CONCLUSION:The intraocular pressure changes after SMILE with high myopic were correlated with optical zone, lenticule thickness, cap thickness and residual stromal thickness. The regression equation would provide reference to evaluation the real intraocular pressure after SMILE in clinic.

Proteomics of serum exosomes in children in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease: a prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the biological processes and functions of serum exosomes in children in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease (KD), so as to provide new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of KD.@*METHODS@#In this prospective study, 13 children with KD who were treated in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from June 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled as the KD group, and 13 children who were hospitalized due to bacterial infection during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Whole blood was collected on the next morning after admission, serum samples were obtained by centrifugation, and exosomes were extracted through ultracentrifugation. Serum exosomes were analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics, and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened out for functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was plotted, and unique proteins were validated by targeted proteomics.@*RESULTS@#A total of 131 DEPs were screened out for the two groups, among which 27 proteins were detected in both groups. There were 48 unique DEPs in the KD group, among which 23 were upregulated and 25 were downregulated, and these proteins acted on "complement and coagulation cascades" and "the MAPK signaling pathway". Validation by targeted proteomics showed that FGG, SERPING1, C1R, C1QA, IGHG4, and C1QC proteins were quantifiable in the KD group. A total of 29 proteins were only expressed in the control group, among which 12 were upregulated and 17 were downregulated. Four proteins were quantifiable based on targeted proteomics, i.e., VWF, ECM1, F13A1, and TTR. A PPI network was plotted for each group. In the KD group, FGG and C1QC had close interaction with other proteins, while in the control group, VWF had close interaction with other proteins.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The serum exosomes FGG and C1QC in children in the acute stage of KD are expected to become the biomarkers for the early diagnosis of KD. For children with unexplained fever, detection of FGG, C1QC1, and VWF may help with etiological screening.

Research progress on mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome / 中国针灸

The current clinical evidence and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were summarized, so as to better optimize clinical treatment. The relevant articles of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS in recent years were retrieved and summarized. We found that the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS was relatively reliable. However, the mutual relationships among various mechanisms of action such as abnormal gastrointestinal motility, high visceral sensitivity, intestinal microenvironment disorders, and abnormal intestinal-brain interactions need to be further explored. The authors believe that in-depth explorations of the bidirectional regulation of "gut-brain axis", the law of changes in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora, and the establishment of a more ideal animal model of TCM syndrome differentiation are useful ideas for subsequent research.

Effect of Low Frequency Cerebellar Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Balance Impairment in Patients With Cerebral Infarction

Objective@#To investigate the effect of low frequency cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on balance impairment in patients with cerebral infarction. @*Methods@#Thirty-two patients were randomly divided into two groups: rTMS group (n=16) and control (n=16). In the rTMS group, treatment was performed five times per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions), and in the control group, a sham coil was used with the sound and sensation of scalp similar to the rTMS coil. Patients in both groups underwent a conventional rehabilitation program. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used as the primary outcome measurement. Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-m walk test (10mWT), and Activity-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC) were used as the secondary outcome measurement. All scales were measured at baseline (T0), after 10 sessions of rTMS (T1), and at 4 weeks after treatment completion (T2) by therapists with over 5 years of clinical experience. @*Results@#There were significant improvements between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2, for all assessed items in the rTMS group. Whereas there were significant improvements between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2, for the BBS and 10mWT in the control group. TUG (-4.87±5.05 vs. -0.50±2.97 seconds) and ABC score (8.10±8.33 vs. 0.16±0.97) were observed significant differences in comparison of the changes from T0 to T1 between the two group. BBS score (4.40±3.66 vs. 1.88±3.14), TUG (-4.87±4.56 vs. -0.62±2.96 seconds) and ABC score (8.22±7.70 vs. -0.09±0.86) differed significantly from T0 to T2 between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#Our findings suggest that low-frequency cerebellar rTMS is helpful for improving balance in patients with cerebral infarction, and maybe a beneficial treatment for these patients.

Study on the substance basis of "property-taste-efficacy" of Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis based on supramolecular system induced by weak bond / 药学学报

It is a common understanding that turbidity and precipitation of traditional Chinese medicine are easy to occur in the process of decocting. At present, our research group found that the cause of "multi-phase of traditional Chinese medicine decoction" mainly came from the interaction between the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, especially the interaction of acid and base components. For example, the Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis was a supramolecular system formed by a large number of active components in the decoction (>30%), and could stably exist in the decoction system. In this study, the supramolecular part was extracted, and the morphology of the supramolecular part was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. It was observed that the supramolecular particles were uniform in size and regular in shape. The main components of supramolecular sites were identified by liquid mass spectrometry (LC-MSn). The results of UV and IR spectra showed that the chemical components of Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis in the co-decocting process collided with each other, and weak bonds were formed between the functional groups of the molecules, which then induced the aggregation to form supramolecules. Thereafter, Through the diarrhea model of mice, sensory evaluation and antibacterial activity evaluation found that Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis decocted together enhanced the antibacterial activity of Rhizoma, and compatibility "reconcile" Rhizoma "big bitter cold" property compared with single decoction group and interval administration group. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and the relevant regulations of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine on experimental animals were strictly followed. In this study, supramolecular chemistry method was used to preliminarily discuss the scientific connotation of "increasing efficiency and decreasing toxicity" of Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis combined decoction from three perspectives of "property, efficacy and taste", and provide new ideas for the basic research of "reconcile" compatibility of Liquorice.

Analysis of the factors of turnover intention of dental hygienists in dental hospitals / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study aims to determine the influence of social exchange relationships, leader’s political skills, job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on turnover intention among dental hospital hygienists. @*Methods@#A self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted from April 1-May 12, 2020, involving 209 dental hospital hygienists in Seoul, Busan, and Gyeongnam. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical analysis programs. @*Results@#In the hypotheses testing, 9 of 18 hypotheses were supported. In social exchange relationships, job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, the path to turnover intention had a significant effect, but it was not statistically significant in leader’s political skills. With regard to mediating effect, job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment played a complete mediating role in the path from social exchange relationships to turnover intention. @*Conclusions@#To increase job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and lower job stress in order to have a positive impact on turnover intentions, it is imperative to develop and apply a program to enhance social exchange relationships.

Based on weak bond chemistry, the interaction mechanism between glycyrrhiza protein and berberine in water decocting process of Rhizoma Coptidis and Liquorice was investigated / 药学学报

The purpose of this study was to explore the interaction mechanism between glycyrrhiza protein and berberine in the decocting process of Rhizoma Coptidis and Liquorice and its effect on the pharmacodynamic effect. In this experiment, licorice crude protein was obtained from licorice decoction pieces, and it was found that licorice crude protein and berberine could form spherical supramolecular particles after decocting together. Morphological characterization was carried out by using Malvin particle size analyzer and emission scanning electron microscopy, and the supramolecular particles were observed to be nanoscale, which was significantly different from the morphology of licorice protein and berberine. The results of ultraviolet, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the mechanism of molecular interaction was induced by weak bonds such as electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of berberine was significantly affected by the supramolecular particles of licorice protein-berberine, which were significantly different from the mechanical mixture. This study reveals the pharmacological value of macromolecular substances such as proteins in the decoction of licorice and Coptis chinensis from a new perspective, which is helpful to promote the secondary development of clinical effective prescriptions, especially the research on the pharmacological substance basis of classic famous prescriptions.

Genotoxicity assessment of three reference chemicals in rat hepatocytes by alkaline comet assay / 上海预防医学

Objective:To establish a comet test method for detection of genotoxicity of three reference chemicals in rat liver cells. Methods:6-10 week old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups， with normal saline （0.9% NaCl solution） as negative control group. Animals in three test groups were treated， respectively， with ethyl methanesulfonate （EMS） 200 mg/kg， N-methyl-N-nitrosourea （MNU） 50 mg/kg， and D-mannitol 2 000 mg/kg. There were 10 animals in each group， 5 males and 5 females. The animals received two times （21 h interval） of test compounds through intragastric administration， and their clinical symptoms and body weight changes were recorded during the experiment. The rats were sacrificed 3 h after the last exposure. The liver was weighed， then used to prepare single-cell suspensions for the alkaline comet test which determines the average tail DNA content percentage （DNA%） of hepatocytes and other comet indicators. Results:（1） D-mannitol， EMS and MNU did not show significant toxicity in the whole animal. （2） The mean values of tail DNA content percentage （DNA%） of rat hepatocytes in EMS ［（60.07±24.69）%］ and MNU ［（41.66±22.35）%］ groups were higher than that in the negative control group ［（2.32±1.39）%］ and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The difference between D-mannitol group ［（3.06±3.30）%］ and the negative control group was not significant （P>0.05）. Conclusion:This laboratory has established a comet test method using hepatocytes from treated rats. Among three testing chemicals， EMS and MNU have displayed genotoxicity by this assay， but no genotoxicity was observed in D-mannitol treated animals.

Investigation of AIDS cognition and testing willingness among freshmen in Fengtai District, Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine college students awareness of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), as well as their willingness to undergo testing, and to provide guidance for further education targeted towards AIDS prevention.@*Methods@#The respondents were selected from two companies of military training camps in 4 universities in Fengtai District of Beijing using cluster sampling, and a questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information among 1 248 college freshmen. The content of the questionnaire included basic information about the students, awareness of AIDS, and willingness to undergo testing.@*Results@#A total of 87.18% students were familiar with AIDS related knowledge, and 62.98% students intended to have HIV tests in the future. Willingness to be tested for HIV was higher among not local students (67.39%) than among local students(55.65%)(χ 2=17.32, P<0.05). The willingness to get HIV testing was higher among students who had an understanding of AIDS (65.26%) than among those who lacked an awareness(47.50%)(χ 2=18.87, P<0.05). In terms of the willingness to be tested for HIV, the main concerns focused on personal privacy (23.24%) and the cost (18.59%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that improving students awareness of five of the items related to a basic knowledge of AIDS may increase their willingness to get HIV testing(P<0.05). Most students indicated a preference to get HIV testing at a hospital (68.51%) or at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(42.79%).@*Conclusion@#The willingness to get HIV testing can be increased by launching an AIDS health education program that targets weak knowledge points with respect to AIDS awareness.

Macrophage exosomes transfer angiotensin II type 1 receptor to lung fibroblasts mediating bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, partially by activating lung fibroblasts. However, how macrophages communicate with lung fibroblasts is largely unexplored. Exosomes can mediate intercellular communication, whereas its role in lung fibrogenesis is unclear. Here we aim to investigate whether exosomes can mediate the crosstalk between macrophages and lung fibroblasts and subsequently induce fibrosis.@*METHODS@#In vivo, bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis model was established and macrophages infiltration was examined. The effects of GW4869, an exosomes inhibitor, on lung fibrosis were assessed. Moreover, macrophage exosomes were injected into mice to observe its pro-fibrotic effects. In vitro, exosomes derived from angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated macrophages were collected. Then, lung fibroblasts were treated with the exosomes. Twenty-four hours later, protein levels of α-collagen I, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) in lung fibroblasts were examined. The Student's t test or analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#In vivo, BLM-treated mice showed enhanced infiltration of macrophages, increased fibrotic alterations, and higher levels of Ang II and AT1R. GW4869 attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mice with exosomes injection showed fibrotic features with higher levels of Ang II and AT1R, which was reversed by irbesartan. In vitro, we found that macrophages secreted a great number of exosomes. The exosomes were taken by fibroblasts and resulted in higher levels of AT1R (0.22 ± 0.02 vs. 0.07 ± 0.02, t = 8.66, P = 0.001), TGF-β (0.54 ± 0.05 vs. 0.09 ± 0.06, t = 10.00, P < 0.001), p-Smad2/3 (0.58 ± 0.06 vs. 0.07 ± 0.03, t = 12.86, P < 0.001) and α-collagen I (0.27 ± 0.02 vs. 0.16 ± 0.01, t = 7.01, P = 0.002), and increased Ang II secretion (62.27 ± 7.32 vs. 9.56 ± 1.68, t = 12.16, P < 0.001). Interestingly, Ang II increased the number of macrophage exosomes, and the protein levels of Alix (1.45 ± 0.15 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10, t = 4.32, P = 0.012), AT1R (4.05 ± 0.64 vs. 1.00 ± 0.09, t = 8.17, P = 0.001), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (2.13 ± 0.36 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10, t = 5.28, P = 0.006) were increased in exosomes secreted by the same number of macrophages, indicating a positive loop between Ang II and exosomes production.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Exosomes mediate intercellular communication between macrophages and fibroblasts plays an important role in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Research progress on mechanisms of bidirectional regulation of acupuncture / 中国针灸

Bidirectional regulation is one of the key function of acupuncture. The stimulator, mediator and receptor are the basis while the specificity of acupoints and the multi-target regulation of receptors receiving stimulation signals are the essential link of the bidirectional regulation of acupuncture. The possible mechanisms of bidirectional regulation of acupuncture are discussed in 4 aspects, i.e. homeostasis mechanism, stress reaction, central adaptive regulation and autonomic nerve regulation. Knowing the limitations of bidirectional regulation and exploring suitable researchmethods are proposed to be the key points in future researches.

An Insight of the First Community Infected COVID-19 Patient in Beijing by Imported Case: Role of Deep Learning-Assisted CT Diagnosis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

In the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, imported COVID-19 cases pose great challenges to many countries. Chest CT examination is considered to be complementary to nucleic acid test for COVID-19 detection and diagnosis. We report the first community infected COVID-19 patient by an imported case in Beijing, which manifested as nodular lesions on chest CT imaging at the early stage. Deep Learning (DL)-based diagnostic systems quantitatively monitored the progress of pulmonary lesions in 6 days and timely made alert for suspected pneumonia, so that prompt medical isolation was taken. The patient was confirmed as COVID-19 case after nucleic acid test, for which the community transmission was prevented timely. The roles of DL-assisted diagnosis in helping radiologists screening suspected COVID cases were discussed.