Hematological parameters in adults Saudis in the Holly Makkah Region

This study was performed to find out normal ranges of blood values for adult Saudi population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Blood was collected from clinically normal adult Saudi individuals. 326 males [18 - 45 years old] and 322 females [18 - 40 years old] were investigated in this study. Then the blood was analyzed for complete blood count including red blood cell count, haematocrit percentage value, red cell indices [mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular haemoglobin [MCH], and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration [MCHC]], total and differential white blood cell and the platelet counts. Serum sodium, potassium and chloride ionic concentration in addition to the concentration of urea and creatinine were also identified. The results are compared with similar reference values and the values in various haematology and physiology textbooks. Most of the obtained results are similar those elsewhere and in textbooks. However, there are minor variations in some parameters, particularly, haemoglobin level and red cell indices and the lower limit of urea concentration. These minor variations may need further studies to establish the exact associating factors. This study suggests that establishment of reference ranges values in Saudi population for other parameters such as lipid profile, liver enzymes, and hormones are recommended in the future studies

Possible neurogenic role of sildenafil citrate [viagra] on the regulatory pattern of pituitary-testis axis in diabetic males with and without neuropathy

Sexual dysfunctions due to neurogenic impotence decrease the testosterone levels through a central effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The present study deals with the effect of sildenafil citrate [Viagra] treatment for these neurogenic sexual disturbances on the reversibility of this neuro-endocrine pattern of the serum levels of pituitary-gonadal hormones. In this investigation 50 insulin dependent [IDDM] and 50 non insulin dependent [NIDDM] diabetic male patients with and without an objective evidence of neuropathy and 50 age matched non diabetic male controls were selected. Every male had age between 20 to 65 years with duration of diabetes distributed over 1 to 20 years. During treatment with sildenafil citrate [50 mg. oral dose] serum total testosterone, free testosterone, serum PRL, FSH and LH were measured. Treatment with 50 mg. of oral sildenafil citrate reversed this neuro-endocrine release pattern in both IDDM/ NIDDM neuropathic men by exhibiting a significant increase in serum total and serum free [urinary] testosterone levels [p<0.001] and a significant decrease in the levels of serum prolactin [PRL] and follicle stimulating hormone [FSH]. Decrease in luteinizing hormone [LH] was found to be less significant [p<0.01]. However both types of non neuropathic diabetics treated with sildenafil citrate showed a non significant difference in the in the serum levels of the above mentioned pituitary-gonadal hormones when compared with the untreated groups and their respective control subjects. These findings conclude that sildenafil citrate has a direct effect on the pituitary-testicular axis and is a well tolerated and highly effective oral therapy for restoring the potency with established neuropathic cause [irrespective of the type of diabetes] and may represent a new class of autonomically acting drug for the treatment of this condition. In other words it is worth trying sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunctions of neuropathic etiology

Effect of sildenafil citrate [viagra] on penile vasculature and cardiodynamics in diabetic males with and without neuropathy

Erectile and cardiovascular dysfunctions in diabetes are important signs resulting probably due to pelvic autonomic neuropathy with damage to the parasympathetic nerviergnetes. Direct evidence for a neuropathic etiology comes from studies that show structural changes in autonomic nerve fibers supplying the corpora cavernosa. The present study deals with the diabetic neuopathies prevailing in men and the possible role of sildenafil citrate [Viagra] treatment for these neurogenic cardio-sexual disturbances. Penile mid shaft circumference and length, penile pulse amplitude, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and heart rate were measured in response to erotic stimulation by film and fantasy and the effect of the treatment of sildenafil citrate [50 mg oral dose] was noted in 50 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM] and in 50 non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM] patients with and without an objective evidence of neuropathy, having an age span in between 20 and 65 years and a duration of diabetes distributed over 1-25 years with their age matched non diabetic controls. Sildenafil treatment showed a significant increase [P<0.0005] in penile mid shaft circumference and length, and penile pulse amplitude, where as both systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate exhibited a significant decrease [P<0.025 and P<0.005 respectively] in both IDDM and NIDDM diabetic neuropathic patients. However this difference was found to be non-significant in both types of diabetic patients without neuropathy and when compared with their respective control subjects. Oral administration of sildenafil citrate is an effective first line therapy for erectile dysfunctions in diabetic impotent men with neuropathic etiology [irrespective of their type of diabetes] with out much altering the cardiodynamic profile. These results further explain how to manage sexual disorders as part of diabetic care, and suggest rules for sildenafil prescription in diabetic neuropathic patients

Efficacy of sildenafil citrate [Viagra[TM]] on sexual responses in non-dysfunctional younger-aged men

Sildenafil citrate [Viagra [TM]] is a potent inhibitor of the electrolytic enzyme type V phosphodiesterase [PDE5], in the corpus cavernosum and therefore increases the penile response to sexual stimulation. We evaluated the efficacy of sildenafil, in younger men without erectile dysfunction. In this study subjects treated with 25 mg oral dose of sildenafil were found to be associated with higher mean scores for the questions of the International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]. Frequency of penetration and maintenance of erection after sexual penetration and/or during masturbation were found to be enhanced significantly [p<0.001] in the sildenafil treated men. Similarly mean domain of erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction and over all satisfaction also showed a significantly positive improvement [p<0.001] in the sildenafil group in comparison with their age matched untreated controls. However the sexual-desire domain in sildenafil treated men with respect to their age matched controls showed a non-significant difference. Sildenafil citrate may assist an individual or couple in extending/enhancing the excitement phase or prolonging the sexual interaction and may have other sexual effects not recognized in the clinical studies

Effects of sildenafil citrate [viagra] on normotensive rat hemodynamics

The present study deals with the cardiovascular profile of Sildenafil citrate [Viagra] on normotensive rat hemodynamics. Intravenous injections of Sildenafil citrate in the dose range of 0.2-1 0mg/kg showed a dose-related fall in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure as well as heart rate. At a minimum dose of 1.0 mg/Kg, Sildenafil citrate showed a significant decreasse in blood pressure [P<0.005] by a mean of 12.8% for systolic 14.2% for diastolic. At all doses, the onset of the depressor response to Sildenafil occurred almost immediately without any visible latent period. At higher doses [5.0-10.0 mg/Kg], blood pressure did not completely return to pretreatment level until after 170 minutes with persistence hypotension accompanied by severe bradycardia. Injections of higher doses of Sildenafil citrate resulted in great fall [P<0.0005] in diastolic blood pressure than the systolic pressure, while at low doses both decreased almost equally. These findings thus suggest that Sildenafil citrate may act peripherally at a vascular effector site with a direct depressant action on the sinus rate and/or myocardial contractility which should decrease blood pressure