ABSTRACT
Background: Neural tube defects [NTDs] are the most common birth defect of the central nervous system. Spina bifida [SB] is a common birth defect resulting from incomplete closure of the neural tube during the first month of pregnancy and that is associated with significant clinical complications that can affect survival and the quality of life for affected individuals
Objective: The study objective was to estimate the prevalence, types, manifestations, diagnosis, complications as well as treatment outcomes of of Spina bifida in all neonates born in Maternity and Children hospital in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia
Methods: This is a descriptive study involved all neonates born in Maternity and Children hospital in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia, KSA, during the period from 1 January to 31 December 2017. Data was collected by retrospective analysis of the recorded data and filling a pre designed questionnaire, which include questions designed to fulfill the study objectives
Results: The total number of spina bifida cases borne in maternity and children hospital in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia during the year 2017 was 14 cases with a prevalence of 0.51%; 8[57.1%] were females and 6[42.9%] were males. Consanguinity between parents found in 57.1% of cases, and folic acid deficiency during pregnancy reported in 78.6%. The site of spina bifida was lumbosacral in 57.1% and lumber 42.9%. The type was Spina bifida occulta 57.1%, Myelomeningocele 28.6% and Myeloschisis 14.3%. Weakness of legs, urinary incontinence 35.7%, hip dislocation, deformity of the body 21.4% and paralysis were the reported complications
Conclusion: The prevalence of spina bifida in Arar, KSA was 5.1per 1,000 live births. Majority of the reported cases were females, Spina bifida occulta was the most common then myelomeningocele and myeloschisis. The site was lumbosacral and lumber
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic coma is a reversible form of coma found in people with diabetes mellitus. It is a medical emergency. Three different types of diabetic coma are identified; Severe low blood sugar in a diabetic person, diabetic ketoacidosis [usually type 1] advanced enough to result in unconsciousness from a combination of a severely increased blood sugar level, dehydration and shock and exhaustion, hyperosmolar non ketotic coma [usually type 2] in which an extremely high blood sugar level and dehydration alone are sufficient to cause unconsciousness. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic coma among the studied diabetic patients and to illustrate the relationship between type of diabetic coma and type of DM, period of diabetes and place of management of coma
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 113 diabetic patients [both type I and II DM] in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia, KSA, during the period from 1 December to 30 June 2017. Data collected by a pre-designed online self-administered questionnaire
Results: The mean age of participants was 35.62 [+/-21.62] years and 67.3% were females. The prevalence of diabetic coma among the studied diabetic patients was 57.5% and the type of coma was hypoglycemic in 70.7% and hyperglycemic in 29.3%. 42.1% of hyperglycemic coma patients had type I diabetes and 57.9% had type II. While, 50% of hypoglycemic coma patients had type I diabetes. On the hand, 21.1% of hyperglycemic coma patients treated in the emergency department, 10.5% admitted to the hospital and 68.4% treated at home. While 34.8% of hypoglycemic coma patients treated in the emergency department, 6.5% admitted to the hospital and 58.7% treated at home. There was no significant relation between type of DM and type of diabetic coma [P= 0.562] or between period of diabetes and type of diabetic coma [P= 0.060]
Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic coma among the studied diabetic patients was 57.5% and the type of coma was hypoglycemic in 70.7% and hyperglycemic in 29.3%. We recommend to spread awareness of the diabetic patients about causes and manifestations of diabetic coma to guard against it. Also we recommend a large scale and more detailed researches