ABSTRACT
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a commonly occurring head and neck cancer. It has a high prevalence, and is associated with a high mortality rate. OSCC occurs due to many etiological factors, but smoking and alcohol remain the most common risk factors. The histological grading of tumors has been used to predict the clinical behaviour of OSCC. Broder’s initiated quantitative grading in cancer. Anneroth’s and Hansen developed another grading system for grading of OSCC’s. With this background, a study was undertaken to compare between Anneroth’s & Broder’s grading systems in oral squamous cell carcinoma in relation to histopathological prognostic factors. Material & Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 50 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of the confirmed cases of Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the archives of department of oral pathology, Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar. The cases were evaluated on the basis of Broder’s & Anneroth’s grading systems for OSCC & the comparison of the systems was made pertaining to histopathological prognostic parameters. Results: In our study according to Anneroth’s system maximum cases comes under grade III while in Broder’s system maximum cases are in grade I & II. Conclusion: Anneroth’s classification provides us a detailed analysis of grading the cases according to scoring of each parameter. Thus, it is more informative than Broder’s grading system.
ABSTRACT
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy, representing up to 80–90% of all malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. The increasing cases of oral cancer are the most important concern for community health. Defects of mitosis result in various nuclear abnormalities namely micronuclei, binucleation, broken egg appearance, pyknotic nuclei, and increased numbers of mitotic figures. The rationale for mitotic counting is that it is frequently used for classification and grading of tumors, prediction of prognosis of tumors and even advocated as a decision point for treatment. Reproducibility of the mitotic counting is paramount for the assessment of malignancy on a histologic scale. Considering this, we decided to assess the inter-observer variability in mitotic figure counting in various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Material & Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 48 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of the confirmed cases of Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the archives of department of oral pathology, Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar. Mitotic figure counting was done by two independent, mutually blind observers. The data was assessed for inter-observer variability in counting of figures. Results: Least difference was seen in cases of WDSCC up to the maximum difference of 3 mitoses. MDSCC showed modest differences in observations, with a maximum difference of 4 mitoses. PDSCC cases had the highest inter-observer variability, with a maximum difference of 5 mitoses. Conclusion: Mitosis counting has been shown most convincingly to provide independent prognostic value and is the most well established component of the histological grading systems of OSCC. Reproducibility of the mitotic counting is paramount for the assessment of malignancy on a histologic scale.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cellular glycosylation changes are associatedwith different types of neoplastic transformation. Fucose is adeoxyhexose sugar that the body requires for optimal functionsof cell to cell communications and which plays a role in severalbiological events. Fucose has been considered to play asignificant role in cancer and its spread. Alpha L Fucosidase(ALF) is an exoglycosidase involved in the hydrolyticdegradation of fucose containing components of glycoproteins,glycolipids and oligosaccharides. The significance of thisenzyme in human catabolism is implied by geneticneurovisceral storage disease. Altered levels of ALF has beenreported in the plasma/serum of patients with oral cancer.Aims: To investigate the clinical usefulness of serum fucoseand α-L-fucosidase in diagnosing oral pre-cancer and cancerand study the variations of the levels of both metabolites innormal, precancerous and cancerous conditions (Squamouscell carcinoma).Methodology: The study group comprised of 87 samples of(age range: 20-70 years): control samples – healthy individualswithout any systemic illness (n =20), clinically andhistopathologically diagnosed cases of leukoplakia (n=16) andoral submucous fibrosis (n=16) and oral squamous cellcarcinoma (n=35) respectively. 2ml blood was collected byvenipuncture from every subject after informed consent, serumwas separated and checked for fucose and fucosidase byspectrophotometric analysis.Results: The Normal value range of fucose is 8.3 to 9.5 mg/ dland that of fucosidase is 22.8 ± 7.1 U/L. There is an increasein the value range of fucose and fucosidase in the tissues ofpotentially malignant disorders and Squamous cell Carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Background: Regional anesthesia is the most commonmethod to anesthetize the patient prior to office basedprocedures. Many techniques can be employed to achieveanesthesia of the dentition and surrounding hard and softtissues of the maxilla and mandible. Aim of the study Toassess the safety and effectiveness of super fi cial cervicalplexus (SCP) block in oral and maxillofacial surgical (OMFS)practice as an alternative to general anesthesia in selectivecases.Materials and Methods: The total number of patients was 50,out of which 35 were male and 15 were female patients.Informed & written consent were obtained from the patientsafter they had the procedure explained tothem. Medicallycompromised patients and those who were excessivelyanxious and apprehensive, patient who did not want theprocedure to be done under regional anesthesia, and patientswitha history of allergy tolocal anesthetic were excluded. Allpatients had their surgical procedures under regionalanesthesia (SCP block with supplemental nerve blocks)performed by the same surgeon under the supervision ofanesthesiologist with continuous monitoring.Results: SCP block with concomitant mandibular nerve andlong buccal nerve block has a high success rate, lowcomplication rate, and high patient acceptability as shown inthe study.Conclusion: Superficial cervical plexus block anesthesia is asafe and useful anesthetic technique with the low risk ofaccidents and complications, thus a good alternative forregional anesthesia in OMFS cases.
ABSTRACT
Background: Ameloblastoma is a locally invasive odontogenic tumour arising from the remnants of dental organ and dental lamina and is a highly destructive benign tumour of odontogenic origin. Nine percent of odontogenic tumours are ameloblastomas. . Methods: The histological variants of Ameloblastomas are manifold, follicular, plexiform and acanthomatous are the most common ones among them. Ameloblastomas are classified radiologicaly into unilocular, multilocular and peripheral types. The present study is a descriptive retrospective study conducted to evaluate the histopathological variants of ameloblastoma. Results: The histopathological reports of the patients were reviewed for a period of 10 years. 40 patients were included in the study. Prevalence rate of 7.4% was seen. Age range of the patients of ameloblastoma was from 20-60 years. The most common age groupwas in the 3rd decade of life with more male predilection. Conclusion: The most common variant of ameloblastoma was of follicular variety. The most common site of occurrence of follicular ameloblastoma was posterior mandible.
ABSTRACT
Background: Decalcification of calcified tissues plays an important part in histological techniques. However, as it often takes a long time and some procedures decrease the staining qualities of the specimen, many attempts have been made to find methods for accelerating this procedure and ensuring good staining properties. One of the factors that regulates decalcification is temperature. Controlled increase of temperature yields decalcification at a faster rate and also retains the basic molecular arrangement. The aim of the study is to formulate a simpler and better alternative for conventional decalcification. Methods: Thirty freshly extracted periodontally compromised molar teeth without evidence of dental caries were used for decalcification in three groups. In each group 10 teeth were used. Group A: 5% HNO3 was used. Group B: 10% HNO3 and 10% formalin was used. Group C: 10% HNO3 and 20% formalin was used. A constant temperature of 55⁰C was maintained. Complete decalcification was checked using X-ray method. The teeth were sent for routine processing and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin. Results: Decalcified teeth of Group C containing 10 % HNO3 and 20% formalin proved to be advantageous completing decalcification faster among the 3 groups while maintaining good tissue details. Conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that, regardless of the employed fixative solution, preservation of pulp architecture was best, when a combination of 10% HNO3 and 20% formalin was used as a decalcifying agent.