ABSTRACT
The broad spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] diseases ranges from simple liver inflammation to steatosis, leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Four groups of weaning [30g] Rattus norvegicus were designated as W-0, W-I, W-II and W-III. For sixteen weeks group W-0 was given standard pallet diet, group I consumed diet "A" [20% fat Sucrose + 33% tea whitener + 34% ground pallet diet +13% water], group W-II was fed on diet "B" [50g Nigella sativa seeds/kg of A] and group W-III was provided with diet "C" [50g Plantago ovata husks /Kg of A]. The analysis of CBC, LFTs, and Lipid profile revealed that there were highly significant changes [P<0.001] in the MCV, PLT, Hb, MCH, MCHC, RBC, RDW%, WBC, MPV, Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and the significant alterations [P<0.01] in albumin, AST, bilirubin, AST/ALT, HDL and cholesterol/HDL were observed in the experimental groups when compared with control by using one way ANOVA. We concluded that high-energy diet can alter the blood profile. Moreover fat plummeting agents have counter impact on the hematology as well as serology of diet induced NAFLD in R. norvegicus
ABSTRACT
Background: This study was carried out to determine the frequency of false - positive results during serological screening for the presence of antibodies against HIV-I/2 in blood banks
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January - December 1999 as screening of voluntary non-remunerated blood donor pool for HIV in the public sector blood banks, in all the six divisions of Balochistan. 5000 subjects were screened for the presence of antibodies against HIV-I/ 2. The subjects were all males between the age group 18-50 years, attending the public sector blood banks as non-remunerated blood donors. Strategy I was adopted for initial screening, Strategy II and III were observed in retesting on ELISA, as recommended by UNAIDS/WHO for blood banks
Results: Out of 5000 subjects, 48 [0.96%] were positive for HIV-I/2 on Strategy I, 37 [77% of 48] met the criteria of false positive, while only 11 [0.22% of 5000] were found to be true positive
Conclusion: In blood banks, screening for HIV antibodies is performed for intervention of the positive donations. UNAIDS / WHO Strategy-I is observed on a smaller workload blood banks where donations are less than 20 per day. A high rate of false positive results in serological HIV screening on Strategy-I depicts that the test is highly sensitive but not highly specific. Labeling someone with HIV positive, when actually he is not, forces the health authorities to find other ways of HIV screening in blood banks, which should be much more specific and therefore reliable