Biochemical study on some adipocyto-kines in chronic renal failure: their relationship to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation

Chronic renal failure has been associated with impaired immunity and subclinical inflammation involving cytokines derived from adipose tissue - adipocytokines. Deteriorating renal function may increase overall inflammatory responses because of the decreased renal clearance of factors that are directly or indirectly involved in inflammation. Declining renal function may also affect the levels of additional inflammatory molecules such as C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin-6.The aim of the study was to assess visfatin and apelin in correlation with markers of endothelial cell injury and inflammation in 20 patients with CRF and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.We assessed visfatin and apelin, markers of: coagulation: TAT [thrombin-antithrombin complexes]; fibrinolysis: tPA [tissue plasminogen activator] and PAI-1 [plasminogen activator inhibitor-1]; endothelial function/injury: 1CAM [intracellular adhesion molecule], VCAM [vascular cell adhesion molecule], CD40L and E-selectin and inflammation: hsCRP andIL-lbeta. Visfatin, apelin, TAT, ICAM, VCAM, CD40L, PAI-1, E-selectin, hsCRP, IL-lbeta and triglycerides were elevated while serum albumin and t-PA were decreased in CRF patients when compared with the control group.Significant positive correlations were found between visfatin on one hand and each of apelin, t-PA, PAI-1, E-selectin, ICAM, VCAM, hsCRP, LL-lbeta, CD40L and triglycerides on the other hand in patients with CRF.Also, Significant positive correlations were found between Apelin and each of EL-lbeta, E-selectin, ICAM, VCAM, creatinine and triglycerides in CRF

Microalbuminuria: an early marker of renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus

The present study comprised 50 systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] patients with no clinical evidence of renal disease. Twenty healthy subjects matched for age and sex served as a control group. All patients and controls were subjected to a complete history taking, thorough clinical examination and laboratory tests. The study concluded that in the absence of clinical evidence of renal disease in SLE patients, microalbuminuria can indicate subclinical nephropathy and measurements may have a role in the early diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of renal disease in SLE patients

Hyponatraemia and neutrophil function in cases of impetigo contagiosum

Serum sodium and potassium were measured in forty patients with impetigo contagiosum and ten normal control subjects. There was a statistically highly significant decrease in serum sodium [t= 0.000212] between patients and control groups, also the serum potassium was highly significant increased [t= 6.08 E-11] between patients and control groups. This increase in potassium level appears to be secondary to decrease serum sodium. So we can conclude that hyponatraemia may be a sharing factor in predisposition of impetigo contagiosum and high dietary intake of sodium chloride is recommended for these patients