Cardioprotective effect of root extract of Picrorhiza kurroa (Royle Ex Benth) against isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Normal rats pre-treated with P. kurroa (200 mg/kg) alone did not showed significant change, however, isoproterenol (ISP) administration resulted in hemodynamic and left ventricular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. Such cardiac dysfunction was significantly prevented by P. kurroa root extract pre-treatment. Pre-treatment significantly attenuated the ISP-induced oxidative stress by restoring myocardial superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes except reduced glutathione content. P. kurroa pre-treatment markedly attenuated the ISP-induced rise in lipid peroxidation, thereby prevented leakage of myocyte creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes. The results suggest that P. kurroa root extract possesses significant cardioprotective effect, which may be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-peroxidative, and myocardial preservative properties.

Retinal toxicity of intravitreally injected plain and liposome formulation of fluconazole in rabbit eye.

PURPOSE: Candidal endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening ocular infection that most frequently occurs as a complication of candidemia. Fluconazole has been effective against Candida albicans in various animal models. Our objective was to evaluate retinal toxicity of plain and liposome formulation of fluconazole at various dose levels after intravitreal injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve New Zealand albino rabbits weighing 2-2.5 kg were used. Two rabbits were used for every dose level. Liposome formulation containing 100 and 200 microg of fluconazole in sterile phosphate buffer solution and plain fluconazole at concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 microg in 0.1 ml of sterile normal saline were injected intravitreally into the right eyes. The left eyes received 0.1 ml normal saline or 0.1 ml of liposome formulation without fluconazole. One week later, the animals were sacrificed, their eyes enucleated and processed for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: It showed that plain fluconazole at a concentration of 100 microg and above caused retinal changes, with disorganization of the photoreceptor outer segments. However, liposome formulation of fluconazole (200 microg/0.1 ml) did not show any significant microscopic changes of the retina. CONCLUSION: The liposome formulation decreased the retinal toxicity of fluconazole up to the studied concentration of 200 microg/0.1 ml.