Azithromycin as treatment for cryptosporidiosis in human immunodeficiency virus disease.

BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidiosis caused by the protozoa Cryptosporidium, is the common cause of diarrhoea in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIM: To study the efficacy of short-term azithromycin in the management of cryptosporidiosis. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Randomised, controlled trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All consecutive patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), who were positive for cryptosporidial oocysts were taken for this prospective randomised study. RESULT: Short-term azithromycin treatment for cryptosporidial diarrhoea in AIDS patients was associated with good clinical improvement but parasitological benefit was doubtful. All 13 patients, who had symptoms of cryptosporidiosis, symptomatically improved with 5 days of treatment with azithromycin and became asymptomatic after 7 days of antibiotic, but stool sample was positive for cryptosporidium even after 7 days of therapy. After 14 days of treatment with azithromycin in 13 patients, in five patients stool was free of cryptosporidial oocyst. The drug was well tolerated in all the patients. CONCLUSION: Short-term azithromycin can be used as a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic Cryptosporidiosis but not effective in eradicating Cryptosporidial infection.

Adenosine deaminase in pleural effusions.

The serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) level was estimated in 30 patients with pleural effusion and 18 healthy controls and was found to be significantly elevated in the former (P less than 0.001). The pleural fluid ADA level in tubercular pleural effusion was always above 50 U/L and was significantly higher than in nontubercular effusions (P less than 0.001). Pleural fluid ADA to serum ADA ratio was not helpful in the aetiologic diagnosis of pleural effusions. Thus, estimation of pleural fluid ADA is a safe, simple, reliable and non-invasive test in distinguishing tubercular and non-tubercular pleural effusions.