Effect of intermaxillary tooth-size discrepancy on accuracy of prediction equations for mixed dentition space analysis for Davangere population

Context: In the mixed dentition period, malocclusion is in dormant stage, any interception should be preceded by a mixed dentition space analysis. Aims: To derive new regression equation in sample subjects (indigenous group) with no intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (Bolton's ratio) residing in Davangere and to evaluate its accuracy. To assess the difference of tooth dimensions between males and females and difference between right and left of dental arches. Setting and Design: Descriptive study. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and fifty children (11–15 years) were included and dental casts were made. A digital Vernier caliper was used for the measurement of teeth. Bolton's ratio was calculated. Group A: Casts without Bolton's discrepancy and Group B: Casts with Bolton's discrepancy. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 22.0. New regression equations were derived using correlation and regression analysis. Results: No statistically significant difference was recorded between the actual and predicted mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of permanent canine and premolars in maxilla and mandible, with/without Bolton's discrepancy. Males had statistically significant higher mean in maxillary and mandibular canine dimensions than female and no statistically significant difference between right and left side of dental arches was found. Conclusion: New regression equation was formulated for Davangere population, in which actual and predicted widths of permanent canines and premolars were found to be almost similar when established from sample with/without Bolton's discrepancy. In MDWs, the canine showed significant sexual dimorphism and no clinically significant variations were seen in the right and left sides of both the arches.

Multiple subcutaneous nodules leading to diagnosis of colon cancer

Skin metastases from colorectal carcinoma are rare and signal advanced disease. Skin metastasis refers to growth of cancer cells in the skin originating from an internal cancer. In most cases, cutaneous metastasis develops after the initial diagnosis of the primary internal malignancy and late in the course of the disease. In very rare cases, skin metastasis may occur at the same time or before the primary cancer has been discovered and may be the prompt for further thorough investigation. The incidence of skin metastasis varies but is somewhere between 3-10% in patients with a primary malignant tumor. Most common ones are melanoma [45%], breast cancer [30%], nasal sinus cancers [20%], cancer of the larynx and cancer of the oral cavity [12%] cases. Here we present a case of 39-year-old man presented to us with multiple subcutaneous lesions over the chest and forehead. Fine needle aspiration cytology of skin nodules revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma features. Further imaging of the abdomen with computed tomography [CT] revealed circumferential narrowing of caecum and ascending colon. The patient was managed with palliative right hemicolectomy in view of constipation and palliative chemotherapy as systemic treatment. An extensive review of the English literature did not reveal extensive data on metastatic subcutaneous nodules leading to diagnosis of colon cancer

A Case Report on Abnormal Course of Vena Saphena Parva.

Background: Great saphenous vein and short saphenous veins are the superficial veins of the lower limb. Variations in the superficial veins of the lowerlimb are uncommon. Our case report discusses anomalous course and its abnormal termination of short/small saphenous vein/Vena saphena parva. Materials and Methods: 80 Cadavers, Blade scalpel, Scissors, Forceps, Cotton, Other stationeries. Results: The short saphenous vein deviates the anatomical course without draining into popliteal vein, instead drains into deep femoral vein, femoral vein and Great saphenous vein. Discussion: During a routine dissection with 80 cadavers, an abnormal short saphenous vein was observed in the left lower limb of an aged male cadaver. The origin of small saphneous vein from the dorsum of the foot at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch and continues behind the lateral malleolus and courses upward along the posterior side of the leg and has to end in popliteal vein but in our continuity of dissection the short saphenous vein has bifurcated into proper short saphenous vein and accessory saphenous vein at the junction of back of leg which drains into great saphenous vein. Conclusion: The knowledge of superficial veins of the lower limb is useful for clinicians during coronary bypass procedures, as these vessels are commonly used in such surgeries. It is therefore, essential for surgeons before harvesting the great saphenous vein to look for the abnormal drainage pattern of the short saphenous vein into the great saphenous vein either directly or through communication veins or with the presence of the Giacomini vein, Accessory saphenous vein.

Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and awareness in prevention of dental caries amongst paediatricians.

Background: Early assessment of the oral health status of children has the potential to reduce or even eliminate oral diseases. Paediatricians are considered a perfect and reliable source for oral health control and prevention. In dentistry, clinical practice is directed towards attitudes that promote oral health and the paediatricians occupy a privileged position in this process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and awareness of paediatricians in the prevention of dental caries in 3 district quarters, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 123 registered paediatricians in Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) Karnataka directory and digest 2011-2013, Karnataka society. Out of which, 42 did not participate as their email address were not available. 29 sets of questions were mailed to all 81 paediatricians. Results: The response rate of the survey was 90% (70 out of 81), a total of 59% felt that the frequency of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in their O.P.D was at least once a week. 51% responded that bacteria causing dental caries cannot be transmitted between mother and child. 53% felt that 1 year would be ideal for first dental visit. 64% of pediatricians were not aware that fluoride dentifrices and dental sealants will prevent dental caries. Conclusions: In general, pediatricians’ knowledge, attitudes and awareness regarding oral health and prevention of dental caries was not satisfactory. It is essential to develop oral health information programs to pediatricians.

Erythrocytes as carrier for drugs, enzymes and peptides.

Erythrocytes are potential biocompatible carriers for different drugs, peptide molecules and different enzymes. Now a day the method that is used for encapsulation of pharmaceuticals into the erythrocytes mainly based on the hypo-osmotic dialysis. Encapsulation of these drugs or enzymes or peptides into erythrocytes significantly changes the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in both animals and humans, enhancing liver and spleen uptake and targeting the reticuloendothelial system. By the encapsulation of these into erythrocytes can be applied as targeted drug delivery systems. Erythrocytes are successful as carrier systems for different drugs, enzymes and peptide molecules. The result after using drug encapsulated in erythrocytes is more compared to the free form of the drug.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents Regarding Primary Teeth Care of their Children in Davangere city, India

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas de pais da cidade de Davangere, Índia, a respeito do cuidado com osdentes decíduos de seus filhos. Método: Mil questionários contendo aproximadamente 10 perguntas em dois idiomas Inglês e em dialeto local) foram distribuídos aos pais da cidade de Davangere, Índia. As respostas foram tabuladas e os resultados expressos por meioda distribuição de freqüência (absoluta e percentual). Resultados: A maioria dos pais não tinham consciência da importância dos dentes decíduos. Apenas 4% dos entrevistados tinham conhecimento sobre os dentes decíduos. Quando perguntados sobre a importância dos dentes decíduos, 82%dos pais disseram que esses elementos dentários não são importantes. Quanto à freqüência de escovação, a maioria(91,1%) dos pais relatou que eles solicitavam que os seus filhos escovassem os dentes uma única vez ao dia. Noventa vírgula seis por cento dos pais afirmaram que escolheriam os pediatras dos seus filhos. Apesar de trazerem os filhos ao cirurgião-dentista regularmente para consultas de rotina, muitos preferem não restaurá-los, mas deixá-los como estão (32%) e até mesmo extraí-los (61%).Conclusão: Verifica-se uma falta de conhecimento entre amaioria dos pais de Davangere, relativas aos cuidados com a dentição decídua de seus filhos. Deste modo, um alto nível deconsciência era obviamente desejável entre esses pais.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of parents of Davangere city regarding the care of primary teeth. Methods: 1000 questionnaires containing about 10 questions written both in English and local language (Kannada) were prepared for data collection and were personally distributed to 1000 parents of Davangere city. Reponses obtained were tabulated and the results of the questionnaire were expressed as frequency distribution and computed in percentages. Results: Most of the parents were unaware of the importance of the primary teeth. Only 4% of parents had knowledge about primary teeth. When questioned about the importance of primary teeth, 82% of parents told that primary teeth are not important. For frequency of brushing, majority (91.1%) of parents reported that only once they ask their children to brush in a day. 90.6% parents stated that they would choose their child's paediatricians. Despite bringing their children to the dentist on a regular basis for check-ups, many would prefer not to have these teeth filled but would rather that they were left (32%) or even extracted (61%). Conclusion: There is a lack of knowledge in majority of parents of Davangere, pertaining to primary teeth care of their children. Thus, a high level of awareness was obviously desirable among these parents.

Eruption cyst: A literature review and four case reports.

Eruption cyst is a benign cyst associated with a primary or permanent tooth in its soft tissue phase after erupting through the bone. It is most prevalent in the Caucasian race. Intraoral examination of four patients revealed eruption cyst. Among these, in three patients it occurred in the maxillary arch and one had it in the mandibular arch. All were associated with permanent tooth. Surgical treatment was done in three cases and in one case the cyst disappeared gradually and tooth erupted in normal pattern. Four cases of eruption cyst from India are presented and literature on this condition is reviewed. It is clinically significant in that knowledge among general dentists is very essential regarding this developmental disturbance to reach the correct diagnosis and to provide proper treatment.

Permanent mandibular incisor with multiple anomalies - report of a rare clinical case

Permanent mandibular central incisor is rarely affected by tooth shape anomalies of crown and root. Co-occurrence of multiple anomalies in a permanent mandibular central incisor is extremely rare. This paper reports an unusual concurrent combination of multiple dental anomalies affecting both the crown and root of a permanent mandibular left central incisor - talon cusp, dens invaginatus, short root anomaly and macrodontia -, which has not previously been reported together. Case management is described and implications are discussed. The dentist should be aware of these rare entities in order to provide an accurate diagnosis and management for which detailed examination of the tooth both clinically and radiographically is very important.

O incisivo central inferior permanente raramente é afetado por anomalias de forma envolvendo a coroa e a raiz. A co-ocorrência de múltiplas anomalias em um incisivo central inferior permanente é extremamente rara. Este artigo relata uma combinação concomitante incomum de múltiplas anomalias dentais afetando tanto a coroa quanto a raiz de um incisivo central inferior permanente - cúspide em garra (talon cusp), dens invaginatus, anomalia de raiz curta e macrodontia - que ainda não havia sido descrita na literatura. A condução do caso é descrita e suas implicações são discutidas. É importante que o dentista esteja familiarizado com essas entidades raras a fim de proporcionar diagnóstico e tratamento precisos, para os quais exames clínicos e radiográficos detalhados são extremamente importantes.

Multiple impactions in non-syndromic patient: a case report

Man is blessed with twenty primary teeth that are replaced by thirty two numbers of permanent teeth for his whole life. Teeth which exceed the normal number are termed as supernumerary teeth. Multiple supernumerary teeth are rarely seen. Retention of teeth or impaction is one of the most common developmental dental defects seen among the eruption disorders. However, impaction of multiple teeth is an uncommon finding unless associated with some syndromes or systemic disorders. The present article reports a case of non-syndromic patient having 15 erupted permanent teeth, 10 retained primary teeth, 13 impacted permanent and 11 impacted supernumerary teeth.

Inflammatory dentigerous cyst associated with an endodontically treated primary second molar: a case report

Primary teeth with periapical inflammation induced by dental caries are treated through pulp therapy. Thus in pediatric dentistry, pulpectomy is considered the most common and successful treatment procedure for primary teeth with periapical inflammation. Dentigerous cyst is an epithelial lined cavity that develops from the reduced enamel epithelium related to the crown of an unerupted tooth. This report describes a case of an inflammatory dentigerous cyst associated with an endodontically treated primary second molar in a 12-year-old female patient with mixed dentition. The relation between endodontic treatment and development of dentigerous cyst is discussed.

Non-syndromic oligodontia – Report of a clinical case with 14 missing teeth.

Oligodontia (severe partial anodontia) is a rare developmental dental anomaly refers to congenital lack of more than six teeth. Most often oligodontia appears as part of some congenital syndromes that affects several organ systems. The exact etiology for oligodontia is unknown. Management includes various restorative and orthodontic procedures to improve the esthetics and function. The present article reports a case of oligodontia of 14 number of permanent teeth excluding third molars in a non-syndromic female patient.

Concomitant occurrence of canine transmigration and symmetrical agenesis of incisors – A case report.

Transmigration of mandibular canine is an unusual phenomenon characterized by movement of the impacted canine crossing the mandibular midline. Mandibular canine are rarely found impacted in a horizontal position in the mandible. Most of the time, this entity occurred as an isolated finding. However there are reports showing association of dentigerous cyst and a hyperdontia. The purpose of this report is to present a case of transmigrated canine associated with agenesis of mandibular both central incisors which is not reported previously.

Multi-lobed mesiodens with a palatal talon cusp: a rare case report

Mesiodens is a midline supernumerary tooth commonly seen in the maxillary arch and the talon cusp is a rare dental developmental anomaly seen on the lingual surface of anterior teeth. This paper presents a rare clinical case of development of talon cusp in a mesiodens with multiple lobes, which interfered with both occlusion and appearance of an 11-year-old patient. During clinical interview, the patient reported difficulty on mastication. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed that a supernumerary tooth with completely formed root was causing an occlusal interference. The supernumerary tooth was diagnosed as multi-lobed mesiodens associated with a palatal talon cusp. The treatment plan consisted in the extraction of the supernumerary tooth followed by orthodontic treatment for diastema closure and tooth alignment.

Mesiodens é um dente supranumerário mais comumente visto no arco maxilar na linha média, e a cúspide em garra (talon cusp) é uma anomalia dental de desenvolvimento rara que ocorre na face lingual de dentes anteriores. Este artigo apresenta um caso clínico raro de desenvolvimento de uma cúspide em garra em um mesiodens multilobulado que causava interferência tanto na oclusão quanto na aparência de um paciente de 11 anos de idade. Durante a entrevista clínica, o paciente relatou dificuldade na mastigação. Exame clínico e radiográfico revelou que um dente supranumerário com raiz completamente formada estava causando interferência oclusal. O dente supranumerário foi diagnosticado como sendo um mesiodens multilobulado associado a uma cúspide em garra palatina. O plano tratamento consistiu na extração do dente supranumerário seguida de tratamento ortodôntico para fechamento de diastema e alinhamento dos dentes.

Maxillary paramolar: report of a case and literature review

Supernumerary teeth are the teeth which are more in number in addition to the normal number found in either primary or permanent dentition. Paramolar is a supernumerary structure occurring buccally or lingually near the molars and it may be caused by combination of genetic and environmental factors. Reports of this unique entity are rarely found in the literature. The present article reports a case of paramolar in the maxillary molar region in an 11-year-old female patient and also reviews the literature about paramolar.

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome: Report of two cases in the same family.

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is a very rare syndrome of autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis and early onset of a severe destructive periodontitis, leading to premature loss of both primary and permanent dentitions. Various etiopathogenic factors are associated with the syndrome but a recent report has suggested that the condition is linked to mutations of the cathepsin C gene. Two cases of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome in the same family, having all of the characteristic features, are presented. An 11-year-old girl and a 9-year-old boy presented with the complaints of loose teeth. Both expressed hyperkeratosis of palms, soles, and knees. Severe generalized periodontal destruction, with mobility of teeth, was evident on intraoral examination; orthopantomograph examination showed severe generalized loss of alveolar bone in both the patients.

Knowledge and attitude of 2,000 parents (urban and rural - 1,000 each) with regard to avulsed permanent incisors and their emergency management, in and around Davangere.

It is well recognized today that for long-term success, the management of traumatized teeth optimally should be carried out as soon as possible. Since, majority of traumatic injuries occur at home, the ultimate prognosis of an avulsed tooth may depend on knowledge of the treatment procedure, possessed by his or her parents. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the parental knowledge and attitude regarding the emergency management of avulsed teeth in children (in Davangere--both urban and rural, 1,000 each).

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's disease).

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (AHE) is a rare disease entity which usually presents as subcutaneous nodules, sometimes simulating lymphadenopathy or even angiosarcoma. We present here the histopathological aspects of a case which manifested as a subcutaneous forehead nodule, along with the relevant review of literature concerning this rare entity.