Oral Manifestations in Down Syndrome Patients: Clinical Evaluation of 104 Patients

Introduction Down syndrome is a frequent form of mental retardation associated with characteristic craniofacial features and many somatic abnormalities due to a number of chromosomal aberrations. The features of Down syndrome patients haven't been extensively studied in Indian scenario. Thus the present work, is an attempt done to study these children Objective To identify the orofacial changes and reason out the cause for the same and to compare the findings of Indian Down syndrome children with those recorded in literature. Materials and Methods A total of 104 non-institutionalized Down syndrome cases were selected on the basis of previous karyotyping records that were retrieved from the record of respected institutions. Results Most of the cases had palmer crease (80.7%), mucocutaneous manifestations (9.6%), hypothyroidism (5.76%), neuromuscular hypotonia (67.3%) and musculoskeletal abnormality (0.96%). Characteristic craniofacial findings, such as flat occiput, a flattened facial appearance, anteriorly and posteriorly flattened head, dysplastic ears, small nose, depressed nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and high-arched palate were noted. Dental abnormalities consisted of hypodontia (25.9%), microdontia (18.3%), crown variation (9.61%) and lastly supernumerary teeth (3.8%). There was a high prevalence of caries activity and periodontal diseases in these patients. There was increased prevalence of malalignments and class III malocclusion. Conclusion The prominent findings of flat nasal bridge, hypertelorism, high arched palate and fissured tongue in our study, could be used as reliable clinical markers to diagnose this condition. A further investigation is indicated in regard to comparison of children with Down syndrome with that of average normal children.

Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report with Review of Literature

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequently occurring skin cancer. Most cases are not life threatening, as very small proportions of BCCs metastasise. However, a high tendency to recurrence makes characterising BCCs and tumour margin areas obligatory. It will assist in better understanding their pathogenesis and in more effective treatment through prevention of recurrence and second primary disease. Various morphological subtypes have been described, nodular BCC being the most common type. Morpheaform or sclerosing BCC is a rare but high risk variant of BCC. One such case of Morpheaform, BCC in a 30-year old female patient is reported here to emphasise the nature and early diagnosis of this malignancy.

Solitary Bone Cyst-A Case Report with Diagnostic Prospective

Solitary bone cyst is an uncommon non-epithelial lesion of the jaw bones. It was first defined by Lucas and Blum in 1929. It is classified as an intraosseous pseudocyst. They are asymptomatic and are usually seen during routine radiographical examination. According to the 2002 classification of the WHO, traumatic bone cysts are miscellaneous lesions. This report describes an 18-year-old female patient who had a solitary bone cyst in the posterior region of mandible associated with an impacted third molar.

Odontogenic Myxomas with an Unusual Presentation in the Anterior Mandible: A Case Report

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a rare and locally invasive benign neoplasm derived from the odontogenic ectomesenchyme, found exclusively in the jaws. As a myxoma, this tumour consists mainly of spindle-shaped cells and scattered collagen fibers distributed through a loose, mucoid material. The lesion is found in age groups ranging from 10–50 years but commonly diagnosed in young adults (25–35 years). The lesion often grows without symptoms and presents as a painless swelling. It has variable radiographic presentation but often causing root displacement and resorption. In this article we present a rare case report of swelling in anterior mandible in a 31-year-old-male, diagnosed histopathologically as odontogenic myxoma.