ABSTRACT
Background: Sexual problems have different effects on the life of people by influencing their interpersonal and marital relationships and satisfaction. Relationship between sexual dysfunctions and infertility can be mutual. Sexual dysfunction may cause difficulty conceiving but also attempts to conceive, may cause sexual dysfunction
Objective:This paper compares sexual dysfunction in fertile and infertile women
Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 110 infertile couples referring to Montasarieh Infertility Clinic and 110 fertile couples referring to five healthcare centers in Mashhad were selected by class cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and Glombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction. Data were analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistical methods by SPSS
Results: There was no significant difference in total score of sexual problems and other dimensions of sexual problems [except infrequency] in fertile 28.9 [15.5] and infertile 29.0 [15.4] women. Fertile women had more infrequency than infertile women [p=0.002]
Conclusion:There was no significant difference between fertile and infertile women in terms of sexual problems. Paying attention to sexual aspects of infertility and presence of programs for training of sexual skills seems necessary for couples
ABSTRACT
Considering the fact that cesarean section [c-section] poses greater risks of maternal and neonatal complications, compared to vaginal delivery, scholars seek different strategies to decrease the prevalence of this surgical procedure. Birth ball exercises during pregnancy are among the proposed strategies. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of using birth ball during pregnancy on mode of delivery in primiparous women. This clinical trial was conducted on 54 women, referring to the maternity ward of Omolbanin Hospital. Subjects were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed birth ball exercises for 4-6 weeks; on the other hand, the control group only received routine care. Data were collected using questionnaires, forms of examination and observation, and checklists for recording exercise movements on a weekly basis. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were performed, using SPSS version 16. Rates of vaginal delivery and c-section in the intervention group were 92.6% and 7.4%, respectively, while the corresponding values in the control group were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Chi-square showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of mode of delivery [P=0.018]. Considering the significance of promoting vaginal delivery among women, performing birth ball exercises is recommended as a useful, non-pharmacological, and inexpensive strategy for reducing c-section rate
ABSTRACT
Gender roles are affected by biosocial and cultural factors. These roles have significant impacts on one's professional, social, and family life. Therefore, given the recent changes in gender roles in Iran, we aimed to determine the relationship between demographic factors and gender role attitudes among women.This cross-sectional study was conducted on 712 females, selected via stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic checklist and a gender role questionnaire including 2 sections: gender role stereotypes and gender egalitarianism. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by content validity and its reliability was verified by internal consistency [alpha=0.77]. For data analysis, ANOVA and correlation coefficient tests were performed, using SPSS version16.The mean scores of gender role stereotypes and egalitarianism were 29.55 +/- 4.33 and 112.55 +/- 14.64, respectively. Stereotypic and egalitarian attitudes were significantly correlated with age, family size, duration of marriage, women's age at first childbirth, educational level, intentions to pursue education in future, and occupational status. As to the finding, gender role attitudes were influenced by social, economic, and demographic factors in Iran. By paying attention to these factors, we can implement proper interventions in order to promote personal and social health among women
ABSTRACT
Decreased sleep quality is a common complaint during pregnancy. Relaxation is one of the non-pharmaceutical treatments for sleep disorders. Different techniques could have different impacts on various biological and mental stressors. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery on the sleep quality of primigravida women. This three-group clinical trial was conducted on 100 primigravida women, referring to Mashhad health care centers in 2014. All women, who met the inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to three groups: progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and control groups. The intervention groups performed the exercises twice a day for a period of four weeks at home after two sessions of relaxation training [held during two weeks]. Then, the quality of sleep was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. For data analysis, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, paired t-test, and post-hoc test were performed, using SPSS version 11.5.The total score of sleep quality and its components [except use of sleep medication] was significantly lower after the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention period in progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery groups [P<0.001]. Both relaxation techniques were effective in improving sleep quality and its components [P<0.001]. However, the effect of guided imagery was more significant than progressive muscle relaxation [P=0.015]. Both guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation positively affected the sleep quality of primigravida women, although the effect of guided imagery was more significant. It is recommended to integrate guided imagery into pregnancy care for primigravida women with sleep disorders
ABSTRACT
To compare the efficacy of behavioral intervention program and vaginal cones on stress urinary incontinence. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 women aged 25-65 years with stress urinary incontinence were randomly divided into two groups, those who participated in a behavioral intervention program [n=30] and those who used vaginal cones [n=30]. The women in the behavioral intervention group were instructed on pelvic floor exercise and bladder control strategies. In the other group, pelvic floor exercises were performed using the vaginal cones. All participants were treated for 12 weeks and folio wed-up every 2 weeks. The subjective changes in severity of stress urinary incontinence were measured using a detection stress urinary incontinence severity questionnaire, leakage index, and a 3-day urinary diary. The objective changes were measured by pad test. For better evaluation of the effects, two questionnaires were used: Incontinence Quality of Life and King's Health Questionnaire. Among the 51 women who completed the study, 25 subjects were in the vaginal cones group and 26 participated in the behavioral intervention program. The changes in leakage rate on pad test and leakage index in the behavioral intervention program group were significantly higher than in the vaginal cones group [p=0.001 and p=0.008, respectively], but the severity of stress urinary incontinence was not significantly different between the two groups [p=0.2]. The changes in strength of the pelvic floor, Incontinence Quality of Life, and Kings Health Questionnaire scores showed no significant differences between the two groups after 12 weeks of intervention. Vaginal cones and behavioral intervention programs are both effective methods of treatment for mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence, but the behavioral intervention program is superior to vaginal cones in terms of cost-effectiveness and side effects
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Vagina , Behavior Therapy , Quality of Life , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Giving improper prescriptions is common among medical practitioners, mostly graduates, in most communities even developed countries. So far, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted on prescription writing of graduate midwifery students. Therefore, this study aimed to detect prescription writing errors of midwifery students in common gynecological problems. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 56 bachelor midwifery students, who had passed the theoretical and clinical courses of gynecology, were evaluated by Objective Structured Clinical Examination [OSCE]. A demographic questionnaire and a standard checklist for writing the prescriptions and medications were used for data collection. SPSS Version 16 was used to carry out descriptive statistics. Most of the students were single, with the mean age of 23.0 +/- 1.7 years. Most errors were related to not recording the patients' age and sex, diagnosis, chief complaint, and the prescriber's name [observed in less than 10% of the prescriptions]. The complete dosage schedule and drug name were stated only in 1.8 +/- 4.8 and 14 +/- 18.6 of prescriptions, respectively. In more than 93% of the cases, route of use and treatment duration were not recorded. According to the results, the number of prescription errors of midwifery students was high. Therefore, it is recommended to run educational courses on prescription writing skills [e.g. writing prescriptions based on World Health Organization [WHO] guidelines] for the midwifery students
ABSTRACT
Postpartum period is often associated with decreased marital satisfaction in couples. The present study aimed to investigate factors contributing to marital satisfaction in primiparous women during postpartum period. This correlational study was performed on 104 primiparous women who referred to health care centers, Mashhad, Iran in 2013, 8 weeks after delivery, to receive health care services. Convenient sampling was the method of choice, and data collection tools included Nathan H. Azarin marital satisfaction questionnaire, stress, anxiety and depression scales [DASS-21], and demographic and fertility-related questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, and statistical tests of Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean score of women's marital satisfaction was 65.37 +/- 17.4. There was a significant inverse correlation between duration of marriage [r=-0.246, P=0.01], women's age [r=-0.203, P=0.03] and husband's age [r=-0.219, P=0.02] with marital satisfaction. Also a significant relationship was seen between the onset of sexual intercourse after childbirth [r=0.268, P=0.006] and frequency of intercourse per week [P=0.001] with marital satisfaction. Additionally, there was a significant inverse correlation between depression [r=-0.414, P=0.001], anxiety [r=-0.27, P=0.004], and stress [r=-0.203, P=0.03] with marital satisfaction. The age of women and their spouses, the duration of marriage, the onset and frequency of sexual intercourse after delivery, stress, depression, and anxiety are factors contributing to females' marital satisfaction in postpartum period. As marital satisfaction affects the health of couples and families, it is therefore recommended to increase females' marital satisfaction during the postpartum period through recognizing the related factors and planning appropriate interventions
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Menopause is one of the most critical stages in a woman's life. Special attention needs to be paid to the quality of life of menopausal women. Symptoms of genitourinary atrophy can affect women's comfort and quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare two treatment methods of vitamin E suppository and conjugated estrogens vaginal cream on the quality of life of menopausal women with vaginal atrophy. This clinical trial was performed on 52 menopausal women [40-65 years old], referring to the gynecology clinic of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Women were randomly assigned to two groups to use either conjugated estrogens vaginal cream or vitamin E suppository for 12 weeks. Women's quality of life was measured in both groups before the study and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the interventions. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life [MENQOL] questionnaire. Fisher's exact test, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and t-test were performed to analyze data, using SPSS version 11.5. The mean scores of quality of life before intervention and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of therapy were 70.03 +/- 26.34, 53.96 +/- 23.75, 43.03 +/- 20.62 and 33 +/- 18.26 in vitamin E suppository group, respectively. These values in the estrogen cream group were 64 +/- 27.83, 50.76 +/- 21.51, 37.23 +/- 20.96 and 29.53 +/- 18.65, respectively. Comparison of quality of life scores between the two groups did not show a statistically significant difference [P>0.05]. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the effectiveness of two methods of therapy. Therefore, it seems that vitamin E suppository could be used as an effective method for the improvement of quality of life in patients with vaginal atrophy
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One of the main strategies for keeping health is having healthy life style. Due to important role of adolescent health in community health promotion, this study aimed to determine health promoting life style in adolescent girls of high schools and its associated factors in Mashhad, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 810 girls ranging in age from 14 to 18 years old, who were studying in high schools and selected using cluster sampling from in Mashhad, Iran in 2013. They completed a demographic questionnaire as well as Adolescent Health Promotion [AHP] scale. Data were analyzed by statistical tests of Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Freedman, Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation coefficient and General linear model. The mean age of subjects was 15.51 +/- 0.98 and the mean score of life style was 63.92 +/- 12.01. The highest score of life style subscales was allocated to the spiritual growth or life-appreciation [77.66 +/- 15.56] and the least to the physical and sport activities [51.66 +/- 22.49]. There was a significant relationship between the life style score of adolescents with parents' educational level [mother P=0.024, father P=0.014]. However no significant relationship was found between adolescents' life style and their residential area and also parent's job. Among different dimensions of life style, the highest correlation was seen between spiritual growth and life style total score [P=0.01]. Based on the findings, it is necessary to prioritize implementing of healthrelated educational programs in order to changing and modification of unhealthy life style related factors, with focus on sport activities as well as health and nutrition. Also it is needed to provide special facilities to select healthy living behaviors among adolescents
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This study aims to determine the relationship between body size and body shape with the risk of breast cancer. In this case control study, 480 women participated [240 women with breast cancer in case group and 240 healthy women in control group]. After completing the interview form, the weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and breast size, were measured. The data were analyzed using statistical test by SPSS11.5. The present study showed that the mean of hip circumference were significantly different in both groups [p=0.036]. The size of the breast was statistically significant between the two groups. Thyroid type, one of the body shapes, was more seen in the case group than control group [p<0.001]. This study revealed that the risk of breast cancer increases with increased hip circumference. In addition, the results indicate that body shape may be a useful predictor in determining the risk of breast cancer. More studies should be designed to address this subject.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms , Risk Factors , Waist Circumference , Waist-Hip RatioABSTRACT
Episiotomy and perineal lacerations are common perineal traumas during the primiparous vaginal birth and is the most common operation in obstetrics. There is no reliable evidence for routine use of episiotomy and it is recommended to perform selective episiotomy for fetal maternal indications. There for this study was performed by the objective, comparison of perineal traumas level in primiparous women with routine and selective episiotomy. This randomized clinical trial was carried out in 2003 on 100 primiparous women, between 17-35 years old with spontaneous delivery, at Modarres hospital in Kashmar. Sampling accomplished by purposeful method. They randomly allocated in two groups with routine and selective episiotomy. Delivery of subjects done by the researcher, but evaluation of perineal outcome, after delivery completed by the assistant researcher, who did not know about the group of samples. Trial allocation data obtained by interviewing, observation forms, measurement of pelvic muscle strength and were analyzed with t-test, chi-square, Mann Whitney and Fisher test, using SPSS software. of 100 women studied, 12 [24%] in selective group and 50[100%] in routine group had episiotomy [p < 0/0001]. Perineal traumas in selective, routine groups were 62% and 100% respectively. These findings varied statistically [p < 0/0001]. In this study, two groups did not differ statistically regarding the effectiveness of variables on perineal traumas. Selective episiotomy can reduce the perineal traumas Level, thus as a safe method, should replace the routine episiotomy