Granzyme H serum levels variations with both reproductive hormone receptors, and related hormone receptors in breast cancer patients

Breast Cancer [BC] is the most common cancer in Iranian women, meanwhile the Iranian patients are relatively young. Granzyme H [GZMH] is a functional cytotoxic serine protease of NK cell granules, which expands the cell death-inducing repertoire of innate immune system. GZMH is constitutively and highly expressed in human NK cells, in order to possess chymotrypsin-like [chymase] enzymatic activity. The purpose of this study was to determine GZMH level, in BC and healthy women. 30 breast cancer patients, and 30 control women in premenopausal status, have participated in this study. GZMH, Estrogen levels, and ER,PR have been measured in cancer and healthy women subsequently, as using ELISA, Radioimmunoassay, and Immunohistochemistry methods. Mean GZMH value was lower in BC than healthy women [p<0.0001]. Our study has implicated suppressor existence, or the problem for producing of GZMH in patients group, and levels of estrogen that could not effect on making positive ER, PR

[ occurrence and contribution of germline BRCA1/2 sequence alterations in Iranian patients with breast cancer]

Breast cancer is the most common form of hereditary cancer worldwide and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 5-10% of breast and ovarian cancers are due to the highly penetrating germline mutations in cancer predisposing genes. Two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for at least half of these cases. The demand for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation screening is rapidly increasing as their identification will affect the medical management of people at increased risk for the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate BRCA1/2 mutations in 100 high risk Iranian families. One hundred families who met the minimal risk factors for breast/ovarian cancer were screened among the families referred to Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center for the diseases in 2009-2011. The entire coding sequences and each intron/exon boundaries of BRCA1/2 genes were screened for by direct sequencing and MLPA in both patients and the controls. In the present study, we could detect the following novel mutations: p.Gly1140Ser, p.Ile26Val, p.Leu1418X, p.Glu23Gln, p.Leu3X, p.Asn1403His, p.Asn1403Asp, p.Lys581X, p.Pro938Arg, p.Thr77Arg, p.Leu6Val, p.Arg7Cys, p.Leu15Ile, p.Ser177Thr, IVS7+83[-TT], IVS8-70[-CATT], IVS2+9[G>C], IVS1-20[G>A], IVS1-8[A>G], p.Met1Ile, IVS2+24[A>G], IVS5-8 [A>G], IVS2[35-39]TTcctatGAT, IVS13+9 G>C in BRCA1 and p.Glu1391Gly, p. Val1852Ile, IVS6-70[T>G], 1994-1995 [InsA] in BRCA2. Ten mutations seemed to be pathogenic and the disease-causing mutations were seen in 16% of the families. In addition, from the total number of substitutions and reassortments [42], 80% related to BRCA1 and 20% to mutations in BRCA2 genes

Triage of war-injured troops in the Iran-Iraq War

This study compared the triage of Iran-Iraq war-injured troops within the first two years of the war with that after the first two years. This was a retrospective study, which compared the triage of the admissions for abdominal injuries during the first two years of the Iran-Iraq War with that in the next 6 years. Out of nearly 50, 000 cases, 1, 176 ones were randomly selected and their triage information was recorded and analyzed. About 12.5% of patients were operated on within less than 8 hours during the first two years. From 1982 towards the end of the conflict [1988], the patients were treated within progressively shorter periods of sustaining injury; 68.8% were operated on within less than 4 hours of injury. The mean delay between injury and treatment in the first two years of war was 12 hours while it was 5 hours between 1982 and 1988. The difference was significant [P<0.05] but the mortality rate was not significantly different. Patient triage was conducted differently at various stages of conflict. Better patient triage after 1982, may have been due to improved care and more specialized triage of injured troops