ABSTRACT
Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a major health problem in which about 30% of people are born with anti Toxoplasma antibodies worldwide. Toxoplasmosis causes congenital infection, neurological and psychatric disorders. The present study aimed to determine prevalence and factors associated with T. gondii infection in Zagazig university students in 2017-2018.
Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Factors , Toxoplasma , Environment DesignABSTRACT
Objective: The aim is to evaluate changes of smile and gingival line after intrusion of maxillary incisors using mini-implant anchorage system or conventional accentuated compensating curve archwire. Materials and Methods: Twenty participants having deep overbite with age ranged from 18 to 24 years were enrolled in this study and were divided into two groups of 10 each. Intrusion of maxillary incisors was performed using mini-implant anchorage system in group 1 and by conventional accentuated compensating curve archwire in group 2. For each participant, lip position, dental and skeletal measurements related to the gingival line were recorded from standardized photographs and cephalometric analyses. Statistical analyses including t-test and Chi-square were used to evaluate differences between groups. Results: There was an improvement of smile arc (consonance) from 30% smile consonance pretreatment to 90% consonance postintrusion in group 1, but the change was insignificant in Group 2. There was an increase in the outer intercommisural width in Group 2 compared to group 1 with a significant difference between both groups (P < 0.046). A significant decrease in the upper lip to upper incisal edge relationship in Group 1 and an insignificant decrease in Group 2 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.262, respectively) was detected. A significant decrease in overbite in Group 1and in Group 2 (P = 0.001) with an insignificant difference between both groups (P > 0.05) was also observed. Conclusion: Smile improvement in the mini-implant group was mainly the result of improved smile arc, increase in outer intercommisural width, decrease in upper lip to upper incisal edge relationship, and decrease in overbite. With the use of accentuated compensating archwires, the only significant change was increase in the interlabial gap.
ABSTRACT
Background and study aims: Central nervous system [CNS] involvement in hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection has different facets such as anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment and vasculitis. We were interested in detecting subclinical CNS involvement in chronic HCV infected subjects with and without systemic vasculitis
Patients and methods: Nineteen patients [15 females and 4 males] with chronic HCV infection [mean age 46.5 +/- 7 and mean duration since diagnosis of HCV infection 4.7 +/- 4 years, including 6 [32%] Child-Pugh class A cirrhotic patients] and 30 age, sex and education matched healthy control subjects were studied. Thirteen patients had associated vasculitis. Patients and control subjects were assessed using the block design and comprehension subtests of Wechsler Bellevue Adult Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Memory scale [WMS], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI] and Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]. Brain HMPAO Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography [SPECT] was performed for HCV patients
Results: Patients with HCV had lower scores on the block design test compared to control subjects [8.37 +/- 1.89 versus 10.37 +/- 1.47, p < 0.001], lower total WMS scores [43.15 +/- 10.49 versus 60.27 +/- 8.08, p < 0.001] and higher anxiety and depression scores [16.94 +/- 10.46 and 37.17 +/- 10.38 versus 10.3 +/- 4.67 and 28.9 +/- 5.99, p = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively]. Total WMS were lower in HCV patients with vasculitis compared to those without vasculitis [39.14 +/- 9.3 versus 51.17 +/- 8.3, p = 0.019] while the block design and comprehension tests, BAI and BDI were not significantly different between both groups. The block design and comprehension tests, WMS, BAI and BDI were not significantly different between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. Seven patients had different patterns of cerebral hypoperfusion on SPECT, and all of them had associated vasculitis. Abnormal SPECT was associated with lower total WMS scores [35.87 +/- 10.8 versus 46.79 +/- 8.6 in those with normal SPECT, p = 0.049]
Conclusions: Vasculitis may contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric involvement in HCV patients