ABSTRACT
Background: Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans degraded by the hepatic enzyme, urate oxidase (uricase), to allantoin, which is freely excreted in the urine. However, during the Miocene epoch (20 to 5 million years ago), 2 parallel but distinct mutations occurred in early hominoids that rendered the uricase gene non-functional. Uric acid (UA) is a known endogenous scavenger, which provides a major part of the antioxidant capacity against oxidative and radical injury.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of one year on outpatients attending the General Medicine Department at Narayana General Hospital, Nellore. The study was included 998 subjects (500 male and 498 female) and authors excluded other complications. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: Serum uric acid of the subjects were measured. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for all the Biochemical parameter. The significance between the groups was determined using Student t-test for equality of means. The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001, which is statistically significant. Confidence interval: the hypothetical mean is 1.0000 and the actual mean is 6.4600. The difference between these two values is 5.4600. The 95% confidence interval of this difference from 5.3489 to 5.5711. Intermediate values used in calculations; t = 96.4583, df = 999 and standard error of difference p = 0.057.Conclusions: About 53% of the subjects of the study are hyperuricemia, with about 74% of these subjects (or about 39% of the total) diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes mellitus or both, indicating a high CVD risk.
ABSTRACT
Background: Medical education has been asserted as one of the most challenging, demanding, and stressful fields of study, as medical students are expected to acquire diverse competencies such as academic, clinical, and interpersonal skills. Pharmacology is rapidly evolving and expanding conquering many diseases in its stride. The survey-based study we aim to grasp the MBBS students’ opinion regarding the teaching practices in pharmacology. Aim was to Study and compare the Effectiveness of Computer Based Teaching Versus Conventional Teaching Perception About Pharmacology Among Second Year MBBS Undergraduate Medical Students.Methods: A comparative study was conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, Andhrapradesh. Two hundred second year MBBS medical students (n = 200) were divided into two groups.Results: In this study results shows P value and statistical significance the two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001 by conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant. Confidence interval the mean of Pre-test score minus Post test score equals -3.1900 and 95% confidence interval of this difference from -3.4503 to -2.9297.Conclusions: The importance of pharmacology in clinical decision making is well understood by the majority of students and they aim to act in that behest. Also, we find that computer based learning is a new and important tool coming up in the arsenal of the pharmacology teacher.
ABSTRACT
Background: Serum gamma glutamyl transferase is widely used as a marker for alcohol induced liver disease. Recently it has gained importance due to its role in type2 diabetes mellitus. A raised serum gamma glutamyl transferase level indicates hepatic steatosis and visceral fat deposition, leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. In the present study we examined the association between serum gamma glutamyl transferase levels with lipids and lipoproteins in diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study was carried out on 50 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared with 50 age and sex matched healthy controls attending outpatient department of general medicine, Narayana medical college, Nellore. Serum gamma glutamyl transferase was measured by calorimetric kinetic assay. Fasting blood sugar was measured by glucose oxidase method using automated analyzer. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein are measured by standard enzymatic procedures and low density lipoprotein by Friedwald equation. Results: Serum gamma glutamyl transferase levels in diabetic cases were significantly elevated compared to normal healthy controls (P <0.001). There was a positive correlation between gamma glutamyl transferase, lipids and low density lipoprotein and inverse correlation with high density lipoprotein (r = -0.298). Conclusion: Our results suggest a possible role of gamma glutamyl transferase in the pathophysiology and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of prostate cancer is 5 per 100000 in southern and eastern Asia. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in its etiology. The mitogenic and growth stimulatory effects of Insulin growth factor may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis. To evaluate serum insulin and insulin resistance was passed by HOMA- IR. Prostatic specific antigen passed by immune-enzymatic assay. Vitamins were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. In our study 30 prostate cancer patients aged 60-80years were taken as cases. 30 normal age matched disease free person were taken as controls in both groups, Insulin resistance and antioxidant vitamin status was studied. In the present study, the value of HOMA-IR was (P <0.05) is significantly higher compare to controls. Serum vitamin E and vitamin C values for cases was reduced (P <0.05) significantly lower than controls. The development of prostate cancer is a multistep process. Hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance may play a role in pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cells generate high levels a ROS.
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease is now a major public health problem in India and is emerging as a major killer. The non diabetic obese and non obese subjects with cardio vascular disease” were carried out with the objective of studying or investing the (effect) cause of cardiovascular diseases in obese and Non-obese subjects. The level of lipoprotein a of non obese subject showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase than in the obese subject. The level of lipid ratio (total cholesterol / HDL cholesterol) found to be significantly (P < 0.001) high in obese subjects than in non-obese subjects. The present study has been designed to evaluate or investigate the risk of cardiovascular disease due to obesity in both male and female middle age group.
ABSTRACT
Azo dyes, based on aromatic amines, may contain these amines as impurities introduced during the manufacturing process. Aromatic amines may also be present as a result of thermal or photochemical degradation of azo dyes. The more stable derivatives contain two aryl groups. As a consequence of п-delocalization, aryl azo compounds have vivid colors, especially reds, oranges, and yellows. Therefore, they are used as dyes, and are commonly known as azo dyes, an example of which is Disperse Orange. Some azo compounds, eg. methyl orange, are used as acid-base indicators due to the different colors of their acid and salt forms. The development of azo dyes was an important step in the development of the chemi azo colorants range in shade from greenish yellow to orange, red, violet and brown. The colours depend largely on the chemical constitution, whereas different shades rather depend on the physical properties. However, the important disadvantage limiting their commercial application is that most of them are red and none are green. The inoculum was prepared by adding 10ml of saline to the culture tube, which contain the Acremoniumchrysogenum. The present study designed to study the degradation of common laboratory dyes using fungi, acremonium chrysogenum. The dye selected was procion red. The selected dye procion red can be toxic in its secondary reactive form so there is a great need of them to be removed from the environment.