ABSTRACT
Background@#Oral cavity cancers, the second most common type in India, are responsible for 10% of the overall cancer burden. With a recurrence rate of 30% to 40% and a 5-year survival rate of 50%, these malignancies account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment modalities, survival rates following treatment completion have not improved significantly. The present study aimed to establish specific epidemiological and pathological factors responsible for recurrence after treatment completion in buccal mucosa cancers. @*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of the data of 116 patients treated for biopsy-proven cancers of the buccal mucosa was undertaken 1 year after treatment completion. Factors such as age, sex, education, lymphovascular invasion, extranodal extension (ENE), perineural invasion, depth of invasion, and pathological margin status were compared between patients who presented with recurrence and those who did not. Statistical significance was set at p 10 mm did not show statistically significant associations. @*Conclusion@#Neck node metastasis, ENE, and margins of resection < 5 mm were the histopathological factors associated with recurrence in cancers of the buccal mucosa.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Direct Observation of Procedural Skills [DOPS] is a way of evaluating procedural skills through observation in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of DOPS in teaching and assessment of postgraduate students and to know the effect of repeated DOPS on improvement of the skills and confidence of the students
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of a rural tertiary centre in Northern India in two phases. All postgraduate students [n=20] were randomly divided year-wise into two groups, using lottery system such that both groups had equal number of first, second and third year students for didactic lecture/simulation teaching using mannequins, with hands-on exposure on Active management of third stage of labor [AMTSL] and Postpartum hemorrhage [PPH] management. In the first phase, Group 1 received simulation teaching using mannequins with hands on for 4 sittings, and Group 2 received didactic lecture on AMTSL. Following the students'performance of AMTSL steps on delivering women, their competencies were assessed using DOPS structured checklist of ten points on 6 sessions. The students' performance in six DOPS was compared between the two groups. In the 2nd phase, after flipping of the groups, group one received didactic lecture, and group 2 simulation teaching on PPH management with hands on for 4 sittings, followed by comparison of six DOPS performance in both groups. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum [Mann-Whitney] test using SPSS software, version 20
Results: In both phases, significant difference was observed between the two groups on first DOPS comparison [1st phase: p=0.000; 2nd phase: p=0.002], with simulation group performing better. Comparison of sixth DOPS in the two groups revealed no difference in both phases, but significant difference on first and sixth DOPS comparison in each group [p=0.000]
Conclusion: Repeated DOPS results in improved skills and confidence of students in managing real life obstetric emergencies irrespective of the teaching modality
Subject(s)
Humans , Educational Measurement , Observation , Education, Medical, Graduate , Gynecology , Obstetrics , Tertiary Care Centers , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Background: high rates of sub-fertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes were seen after age 40. In contrast to oogenesis, spermatogenesis continues in elderly men
Objective: to retrospectively study the impact of aging on semen parameters in male partners of infertile couples in the rural area of developing country over 10 years and to find out whether aging affects male factor fertility and various semen parameters in this part of developing country
Materials and Methods: in this cross sectional study, the laboratory semen analysis records of 1219 male partners of infertile couples of a rural tertiary care center of Central India in a 10-year period from January 2005 to December 2014 were evaluated into 5 groups based on men age: Group 1: 21-28 yr [n=57]; group 2: 29-35 yr [n=450]; group 3: 36-42 yr [n=532]; group 4: 43-49 yr [n=165], and group 5: 50-60 yr [n=15]. Evaluation of all semen parameters were done according to WHO standard criteria [1999]
Results: the analysis of semen records revealed the significant negative association of semen volume, total sperm count, sperm motility, and morphology with age. There was a significant fall in total sperm count, sperm motility, and morphology after the age of 35 yr
Conclusion: age has significant negative effect on semen volume, total sperm count, and sperm motility and morphology in this region of India