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Introduction: The currently available data in the publicdomain, is either from some specific regions in the countryor it doesn’t capture the prevalence of CKD specifically inT2DM population.9,14 Therefore, it was eminent to performa pan-India epidemiological study to get a clear cut idea onthe prevalence of CKD in T2DM patients. Hence, the presentstudy was conducted to assess the clinical spectrum of CKDpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional,observational, study to assess the clinical spectrum ofCKD among T2DM patients. The blood/plasma and urinesamples, were collected for estimation of hemoglobin A1c,microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, androutine urine analysis.Results: When assessed blood pressures of the cases, weobserved that the mean systolic blood pressure was 138(12.4) mmHg, and mean diastolic blood pressure among thestudy subjects was 84 (6.4) mmHg. The mean HbA1C levelsobserved among the cases was 7.9 (1.27).Conclusion: Study reported higher prevalence of CKD whichwas driven by the ACR levels and majority of the patientshad reasonable eGFR. This can be a guide to select drug anddosage of diabetes drug as it depends on kidney function.
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Introduction: A wide range of traditional and nontraditionalcardiovascular risk factors that may promote and fosterthe development of atherosclerosis have been reportedin association with the metabolic syndrome, includingatherogenic dyslipidemia, prothrombotic and proinflammatorymilieu, and endothelial dysfunction. The present study wasconducted to study the cardiovascular risk factors amongthe cases presented with metabolic syndrome in a tertiaryhealthcare institute.Material and methods: It was a cross sectional observationalstudy conducted among 100 cases diagnosed with metabolicsyndrome attending outpatient department of departmentof medicine, KIMS. Written consents were taken from theparticipants.Results: Mean Waist Circumference in cm was 99.62 ± 9.2,Hip Circumference was 106.3 ± 8.67 cm. The W/H ratiowas 0.93 ± 0.79. These indices were higher as compared tothe controls. 7.5 % cases had peripheral vascular disease,8.2% cases had coronary artery disease, 4% had nephroticsyndrome, 6% had history of cerebrovascular disease.Conclusions: Evaluation of the parameters in metabolicsyndrome can be a simple clinical tool to assess potentialrisk for development of cardiovascular diseases and henceassessment of prognosis and to establish and prioritize theresources appropriately.
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Introduction: CVD is the leading cause of disability anddeath worldwide, and a great majority of CVDs are associatedwith dyslipidemia. Worldwide, there is broad variation inserum lipid profile levels among different population groups.Increased serum levels of TC, TG, LDL, and decreased HDLare known to be associated with major risk factors for CVD.The present study was conducted to assess the lipid levelsamong cases of accelerated hypertension presenting to atertiary healthcare institute.Material and methods: This study was done on 96 patientspresented with hypertensive emergencies admitted underdepartment of medicine, KIMS, Karad, from August 2018to December 2018 On admission, detailed history was takenand complete clinical examination was done. It was a hospitalbased cross sectional study.Results: Serum levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL were 182±3.4,143.62±6.3, 49.68 and 95.83±7.8 mg/dL, respectively, inhypertensive subjects.Conclusions: Our results suggest that elevated BP may predictcertain disturbances in lipoprotein metabolism
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Introduction: Portal hypertension (PHT) commonlyaccompanies cirrhosis of liver. Development of esophagealvarices is one of the major complications of PHT. A majorcause of PHT-related morbidity and mortality is thedevelopment of variceal hemorrhage, which occurs in 25-40% of patients. 1 Esophageal varices are diagnosed byendoscopy. Further follow-up should then relate to the initialsize of varices. In case of large varices, endoscopic follow-upis not necessary and primary prophylaxis with a nonselectiveβ-blocker should be started. Endoscopic band ligation isuseful in preventing variceal bleeding in patients with mediumor large varices. The present study was conducted to assess theclinical presentation of cases of portal hypertension presentedwith esophageal varices in tertiary healthcare institute.Material and methods: The present study was conductedat a tertiary healthcare teaching institute from July 2018 toOctober 2018 and 70 patients were studied. All the casespresented with PHT, which had been diagnosed clinically,biochemically, radiologically and endoscopically wereincluded in the present study.Results: Incidence of esophageal varices in patients withPHT is approximately 90-95%, but only 30-50% developvariceal bleeding, which is usually associated mainly withfatal outcome. Pallor (88%), ascites (80%) and splenomegaly(70%) were common signs followed by icterus (52%).Asymptomatic esophageal varices were found in 80% ofpatients, 20% had Grade 1, 26% had Grade 2 and 34% hadGrade 3 esophageal varices.Conclusions: Portal hypertension is largely a preventablecondition because the commonest etiology is alcoholism.Asymptomatic esophageal varices, which is quite common,can be easily diagnosed with invasive endoscopy or otherwisesuspected with noninvasive platelet/spleen size ratio in countrylike ours, where financial constraint is a main problem. It canbe very useful and applicable at small centers like communityhealth centers (CHCs) and primary health centers (PHCs) inour country with limited resources.
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Introduction: The maturation of respiratory system in children leads to changes in value of respiratory parameters like peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). Accurate analysis and clinical decisionmaking in disease state require reference values for different ages. The current study was undertaken to study pulmonary function and exercise capacity in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: After obtaining Institutional Ethical approval and parental informed consent, 262 subjects aged 9 to 15 years were recruited for the study. They were divided into two age groups, i.e., preadolescent (9-12 years) and early adolescent (13-15 years). Demographic details including age, sex, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were noted. Physical activity rating (PAR) scale was used to denote physical activity levels. Peak expiratory flow rate was measured using standard Mini-bell peak flow meter (PFM). The parameters MIP and MEP was measured using micro respiratory pressure meter, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed as per American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. Results: A significant difference was noted between the two groups in PEFR, MIP, MEP, and 6MWD (p = 0.00). Age showed a strong positive correlation with PEFR (r = 0.613, p = 0.000), MIP (r = 0.676, p = 0.000), and MEP (r = 0.658, p = 0.00) whereas showed a strong negative correlation with 6MWD (r = -0.605, p = 0.00). Height showed a strong positive correlation with MEP (r = 0.720, p = 0.000) whereas a strong negative correlation with 6MWD (r = -0.42, p = 0.00). Weight showed a weak negative correlation with 6MWD (r = -0.328, p = 0.00). Gender difference was noticeable in 6MWD and PEFR (p = 0.00) but not in MIP (p = 0.45) and MEP (p = 0.44). Almost 22.10% of early adolescents were overweight compared to only 7.7% seen in preadolescent group. Conclusion: PEFR and respiratory muscle strength was higher in early adolescents as compared to pre-adolescents. However, exercise capacity reflected by 6 MWD was found to be lower in early adolescents in comparison to pre-adolescents. These findings could be used while interpreting the outcome measures utilized while treating patients and for goal setting in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in clinical practice.