ABSTRACT
alpha-Asarone exhibits a number of pharmacological actions including neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anticonvulsive, and cognitive enhancing action. The present study investigated the effects of alpha-asarone on pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA, microglial activation, and neuronal damage in the hippocampus and on learning and memory deficits in systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Varying doses of alpha-asarone was orally administered (7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days before the LPS (3 mg/kg) injection. alpha-Asarone significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA at 4 and 24 hours after the LPS injection at dose of 30 mg/kg. At 24 hours after the LPS injection, the loss of CA1 neurons, the increase of TUNEL-labeled cells, and the up-regulation of BACE1 expression in the hippocampus were attenuated by 30 mg/kg of alpha-asarone treatment. alpha-Asarone significantly reduced Iba1 protein expression in the hippocampal tissue at a dose of 30 mg/kg. alpha-Asarone did not reduce the number of Iba1-expressing microglia on immunohistochemistry but the average cell size and percentage areas of Iba1-expressing microglia in the hippocampus were significantly decreased by 30 mg/kg of alpha-asarone treatment. In the Morris water maze test, alpha-asarone significantly prolonged the swimming time spent in the target and peri-target zones. alpha-Asarone also significantly increased the number of target heading and memory score in the Morris water maze. The results suggest that inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in the hippocampus by alpha-asarone may be one of the mechanisms for the alpha-asarone-mediated ameliorating effect on memory deficits.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cell Size , Cytokines , Head , Hippocampus , Immunohistochemistry , Learning , Maze Learning , Memory , Memory Disorders , Microglia , Neurons , RNA, Messenger , Swimming , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
alpha-Asarone exhibits a number of pharmacological actions including neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anticonvulsive, and cognitive enhancing action. The present study investigated the effects of alpha-asarone on pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA, microglial activation, and neuronal damage in the hippocampus and on learning and memory deficits in systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Varying doses of alpha-asarone was orally administered (7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days before the LPS (3 mg/kg) injection. alpha-Asarone significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA at 4 and 24 hours after the LPS injection at dose of 30 mg/kg. At 24 hours after the LPS injection, the loss of CA1 neurons, the increase of TUNEL-labeled cells, and the up-regulation of BACE1 expression in the hippocampus were attenuated by 30 mg/kg of alpha-asarone treatment. alpha-Asarone significantly reduced Iba1 protein expression in the hippocampal tissue at a dose of 30 mg/kg. alpha-Asarone did not reduce the number of Iba1-expressing microglia on immunohistochemistry but the average cell size and percentage areas of Iba1-expressing microglia in the hippocampus were significantly decreased by 30 mg/kg of alpha-asarone treatment. In the Morris water maze test, alpha-asarone significantly prolonged the swimming time spent in the target and peri-target zones. alpha-Asarone also significantly increased the number of target heading and memory score in the Morris water maze. The results suggest that inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in the hippocampus by alpha-asarone may be one of the mechanisms for the alpha-asarone-mediated ameliorating effect on memory deficits.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cell Size , Cytokines , Head , Hippocampus , Immunohistochemistry , Learning , Maze Learning , Memory , Memory Disorders , Microglia , Neurons , RNA, Messenger , Swimming , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Flos Carthami on the atherosclerosis in rabbit induced by cholesterol diet. 24 rabbits were divided by 3 groups; normal control group, CH group, and CH+FC group. The normal control group was fed with the normal pellet diet. The CH group was fed with pellet diet including 4% cholesterol, and the CH+FC group was fed with pellet diet including 4% cholesterol and 4% Flos Carthami dry -extract powder about 100g diet per 1 kg body weight per a day. After 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and a piece of ascending aorta was collected. Tissue was sectioned 8 micrometer thickness and sections were stained with hematoxylin -eosin, alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde -fuchsin, and Van Gieson 's trichrome method. In CH+FC group, atheroma and mucoprotein formation on tunica intima of the ascending aorta was reduced, and lesion of elastic and collagen fibers in tunica media was also attenuated with respect to that in CH group. According to this result, it is considered that Flos Carthami has a preventing effect on atherosclerosis or a control effect on hypercholesterolemia. But distinct mechanism of action is still unclear.