Diversidade genética de populações naturais de pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L. ) Miq.] por RAPD / Genetic diversity of natural populations of pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L. ) Miq.] according to RAPD analysis

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura genética de populações de Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. com base em polimorfismos moleculares do tipo RAPD. Foram analisadas quatro populações naturais do estado de São Paulo (Jacareí, Jundiaí, Piquete e Ubatuba) e uma população do Paraná (Adrianópolis). Foram identificados 25 locos polimórficos (96,15%). Elevados índices de diversidade genética foram observados dentro das populações (Hs = 0,2220). Verificou-se que 65,33% da variabilidade genética total encontra-se dentro das populações e 34,67% entre as populações; índices estes, obtidos a partir do cálculo da divergência genética (G ST = 0,3467). Os resultados sugerem que essas populações possuem níveis elevados de variabilidade genética, a qual pode ser fortemente impactada pela ação humana.

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic structure of populations of Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. based on RAPD molecular polymorphisms. Analysis included four natural populations from São Paulo State (Jacareí, Jundiaí, Piquete, Ubatuba) and one population from Paraná State (Adrianópolis). Twenty-five polymorphic loci (96.15%) were identified. There were high levels of genetic diversity within populations (Hs = 0.2220). Of the total genetic variability, 65.33% is within populations and 34.67% among populations (G ST = 0.3467). Results suggest that these populations have high levels of genetic variability, which can be strongly impacted by human action.

The seasonal variation in the microbial agents implicated in the etiology of diarrheal diseases among children in Lao People's Democratic Republic.

During 1994-1995, the etiological structure of children's diarrhea was monitored in outpatients at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR. Of the 191 children studied, 42% had stool specimens positive for enteropathogens; 22% had rotavirus, 21.5% enteropathogenic E. coli, 4.7% Shigella flexneri, 2.9% Campylobacter jejuni, 2.1% Shigella sonnei, and 0.5% each of Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica. No Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella spp. was detected in this monitoring. In children under five years, rotaviruses were detected almost all round the year with a maximum prevalence in January in the dry season. Shigella species were highly detected in June to July in the rainy season.

Bacterial diarrhea in Laos, a region where cholera was endemic.

There were cholera outbreaks in Lao PDR since 1993. Two provinces were epidemic areas of cholera in 1993. However the area of cholera occurrence increased to 7 provinces through 1994. Then a bacterial survey had done for the purpose of public health improvement. EPEC was markedly isolated from the hospital in Vientiane. In apparent infection of Salmonella and non-01 Vibrio cholerae with soldiers stationed in the island in Mekong River belong to Vientiane were pointed out. The outbreak of diarrhea in suburban village of Vientiane, the diarrhea was not due to cholera but due to Shigella dysenteriae and Aeromonas sobria. As far as results in the capital city Vientiane and the Vientiane province go, it could say that there was no record and isolation of V. cholerae or non-01 V. cholerae 0139 in this study. On the contrary, Vibrio cholerae 01 serotype Eltor Ogawa was isolated although the community declared the end of the cholera outbreak. This study pointed out the importance of establishing sanitary conditions and health education systems in Lao PDR.