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A fast and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was established for the direct quantification of insulin aspart in human plasma. The plasma samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE), an ESI ion source was used and operated in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Bovine insulin was chosen as internal standard and the chromatographic separation of insulin aspart was performed on Waters ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). A mixture of acetic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile with acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.6 mL·min-1 in gradient elution mode was employed as mobile phase. We found that the method was validated over the range of 0.200-10.0 ng·mL-1 for insulin aspart and showed excellent linearity. The intra-and inter-assay accuracy and precision were below 14.5% and the recovery was 36.7%-41.7% over the three concentration levels evaluated. The UPLC-MS/MS method was selective, accurate, sensitive and robust, and the method was successfully applied in supporting the pharmacokinetic research of two insulin aspart injections (Test Product and NovoRapid®) in heathy male subjects. This clinical trial was approved according to the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2017 Clinical Trial (Western Medicine) Approval (148)).
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Objective TodiscusstheevaluationeffectivenessofADCofMR DWIinneoadjuvantchemotherapy (NAC).Methods ThirtyGninepatientswithlocallyadvancedbreastcancerwereenrolledinthisstudy.Allthesepatientswerediagnosedbypuncture biopsyandtreatedwithNAC.DWIwasperformedbeforechemotherapyandafter4cyclesofchemotherapyrespectively.Radicalresectionof breastcancerwasperformedwithinoneweekaftertheendof4cyclesofNAC.Accordingtotheclinicalefficacyorpathologicalresponse,the changesoftumorvolumeandtumorcelldensitybeforeandafterchemotherapyweremeasured.Theresponseoftumorwasdividedas clinicallyeffective,completeremission (CR)+partialremission(PR)andclinicalineffectiveness,stabilizationdisease(SD)+progression disease(PD)ormajorhistologicalresponse (MHR)andnonGmajorhistologicalresponse (NMHR),respectively.Toevaluatethe practicalutilityofneoadjuvantchemotherapy,theADCvaluesweremeasuredinallgroupsandanalyzedstatistically.Results Before NAC,therewasnosignificantdifferenceinADCvaluebetweenCR+PR (0.96±0.22)andSD+PD (0.93±0.14)orMHR (1.05±0.22), NMHR (0.99±0.14).TheratiosofCR+PRand MHR were56.4%and66.7%respectivelyattheendoftreatment,andtheADC valuesinallpatientswerehigherthanthatbeforechemotherapy.However,Therewasnosignificantdifferencebeforeandafterchemotherapy intheSD+PD (1.02±0.19)andNMHR (1.08±0.20)groups (P＞0.05),whileCR+PR (1.47±0.16)and MHR (1.62+0.13) groupsweresignificantlydifferentbeforeandafterchemotherapy(P＜0.05).Therateoftumorvolumechangewaspositivelycorrelated withΔADC (r＝0.539,P＜0.05).Conclusion TheADCvalue canbeusedtoevaluatethevolumeandpathologicalgradeof tumorafterNACbasedon MRIplainscananddynamicscan, whichishelpfulfortimelyandeffectivepredictiveevaluationof chemotherapyeffect.ADCvaluecanbeusedasearlyevaluationofNACforbreastcancerandprognosticindicators.
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Dengzhan Shengmai Capsules( DZSMC),a well-known traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) formula,is comprised of the main drug of Erigeron breviscapus,and supplemented with Panax ginseng,Ophiopogon japonicus and Schisandra chinensis,with functions of supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin,promoting blood circulation and strengthening brain. DZSMC is the only Chinese patent drug with A-level evidence-based medicine in secondary prevention for stroke and ranks first among TCMs for neurological treatment. Modern studies indicate that the chemical constituents of DZSMC mainly include flavonoids,phenolic acids,lignans,saponins and so on. Pharmacological experimental studies have shown that DZSMC has such pharmacological effects as anti-oxidation,anti-inflammatory and anti-myocardial ischemia. DZSMC is mainly used in the convalescent care of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and is often used in combination with various conventional therapeutic drugs to exert clinical efficacy through brain protection,neuroprotection,etc.,and improve clinical symptoms in patients. In this review,according to domestic and international related literature combined with research results obtained by our project,the research advances in the chemical constituents,pharmacological effects and clinical application of DZSMC have been systematically reviewed and summarized,providing reference and support for further study and secondary development of the formula.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Erigeron/chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Ophiopogon , Panax , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Phytotherapy , SchisandraABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Co, V, Se and Mo in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP-OES) . Methods:Through the detec-tion wavelength selection,the detection wavelength was confirmed as follows:220. 353 nm for Pb, 228. 802 nm for Cd, 188. 980 nm for As, 194. 164 nm for Hg, 228. 615 nm for Co, 311. 070 nm for V, 196. 026 nm for Se and 204. 598 nm for Mo. Through optimizing the instrument parameters, the optimal radio frequency power was 1. 3 kW, the nebulizer gas flow rate was 0. 7 L·min-1, and the pump speed was 10 r·min-1. By applying the above detection parameters, the 8 heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES simultaneously. Results: The linearity of the detected elements was good, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0. 9990. The detection limits were from 0. 12 to 7. 26 ng·ml-1 , the quantitation limits were from 0. 40 to 23. 96 ng·ml-1 and the recoveries were from 94. 1% to 103. 4% (RSD<3%, n=9). Conclusion: The method is specific, sensitive, rapid and accurate, which can be applied in the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements in iron dextran.
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Objective To compare the dissolution curves of reference preparation and self-prepared Iloperidone Tablets in four different pH dissolution media (0.1 mol/L HC1 solution,pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution,pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution,and water).Methods The solubility of Iloperidone in different pH solutions was measured,the dissolution curves of two preparations in four different pH dissolution media were determined by HPLC,and the similarity was investigated according to the f2 factor method.Results The f2 factors between reference preparation and self-prepared Iloperidone Tablets in four different media were more than 50.Conclusion The two preparations are equivalent in four different pH dissolution media in vitro.
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Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight heavy metal elements (Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Co,V,Se,and Mo) in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Methods Through detection wavelength selection,optimization of instrument parameters and applying interference element correction (IEC) method to correction of spectral interference,the eight heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES.Results The elements recoveries were from 88.7％ to 101.3％ by correction of spectral interference with IEC method.The accuracy of the method was good.The linearities of the detected elements were good,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits were from 0.12 to 7.26 ng/rnL.The quantization limits were from 0.40 to 23.96 ng/mL.The precision of the method was good (RSD＜3.5％,n=6).Conclusion The results of the spectral interference correction by IEC method are greatly superior to the results of conventional method.The established method is accurate,sensitive,and rapid,which can be applied to the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran.
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Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight heavy metal elements ofPb,Cd,As,Hg,Co,V,Se,Mo in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Method Through selection of detection wavelengths,optimization of instrument parameters,correction of spectral interference,verification of ionization interference and investigation of suppression methods,the eight heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES.Results The recovery rate of the detected elements increased 5％ to 10％ by suppression of ionization interference.The accuracy of the method was good.The spiked recovery rates of the detected elements were from 95.7％ to 101.1％.The precision of the method were good (RSD ＜ 3.6％,n =6).The linearities of the detected elements were good,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits were from 0.15 to 8.09 ng/mL.The quantization limits were from 0.46 to 24.26 ng/mL.Conclusion The method was accurate,sensitivity,rapid and reliable,which can be applied to the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran.
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A total of 152 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the barks of Eucommia ulmoides in three regions (Lueyang country, Zunyi country, Cili country). Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of ITS sequences, these strains were identified into 8 genera. Thereinto Phomopsis, Diaporthe and Alternaria were common genera to Eucommia barks from different sites. But the dominant genus was different: Alternaria was the dominant genus in the barks from Cili country, and Phomopsis was the dominant genus from Zunyi country, then Diaporthe was the one from Lueyang country. According to the similarity coefficient, the composition of the endophytic fungi was distinctly different between the barks from three sites. The diversity and species richness in Lueyang country and Cili country were found higher than those in Zunyi country. The evenness of endophytic fungi was 0.936 5 in Lueyang county, which was higher than 0.737 1 or 0.641 0 in Cili county or Zunyi county, respectively. After phylogenic analysis and calculating the genetic distances of typical strains belong to Phomopsis and its perfect stage--Diaporthe, there was very high genetic diversity in the two genera from our study. In conclusion, the community structure and diversity of endophytic fungi were significant different in Eucommia barks from the three habitats.
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DNA, Fungal , Genetics , DNA, Intergenic , Genetics , Ecosystem , Endophytes , Classification , Physiology , Eucommiaceae , Microbiology , Fungi , Classification , Genetics , Physiology , Phylogeny , Plant Bark , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Intussusception is the most common cause of acquired intestinal obstruction during infancy and early childhood and requires early diagnosis and treatment. We observed 431 cases of intussusception who admitted at Chungang Gil Hospital from January 1987 to June 1991, and compared the result of treatment with Barium Enema in 302 cases with that of Air Enema in 129 cases. The results were as follows; 1) In sex distribution, males were more affected than females as a ratio of 2:1. 2) In age incidence, 78.2% of the cases were between 3~10 months. 3) Slight seasonal prevalence was noted in spring and autumn. 4) The common symptoms and signs were cyclic irritability (89.1%), vomiting (78.9%), bloody stool (84.9%) and abdominal mass(43.1%). 5) The common diseases accompanied were URI (39.7%), AGE (13.0%) and UTI(1.2%). 6) 5.8% of cases were visited after the 48 hours of symptom onset, in these cases the operation rate was 39.1%. So the longer duration of symptoms persists, the lower reduction rate follows. 7) The most common type of intussusception was ileocolic type, and the lowest reduction rate was noted in ileoileocolic type. 8) In the reduction rate, 87.4% with Barium Enema and 89.1% with Air Enema. 9) After 24 hours of symptom onset, the reduction rate, 74.4% with Barium Enema and 78.6% with Air Enema. 10) Recurrence rate was 9.3% with Barium Enema and 7.8% with Air Enema. 11) In Barium Enema, 1 case of bowel perforation was observed, and he expired with barium peritonitis, in Air Enema, 2 cases of bowel perforation were observed, and cured after operation. 12) We observed some advantages in Air Enema such as simplicity, high reduction rate and absence of fatal complications. And we think that Air Enema is a useful diagnstic and treatment method of intussusception.