ABSTRACT
Isolates of 24 enterococci, 5 Enterococcus casseliflavus and 19 Enterococcus gallinarum, possessing vanC genes and showing low-level resistance to vancomycin were obtained from mice from commercial mouse breeding companies. Since some of these isolates showed resistance to other antibiotics, the purpose of this study was to clarify the resistant profiles of these isolates. One E. casseliflavus isolate showed resistance to erythromycin with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg/mL and also showed apparent resistance to fluoroquinolones with an MIC of 32 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin. The MICs of 2 other fluoroquinolone-resistant E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum isolates were 3 and 6 μg/mL, respectively. These 3 resistant isolates showed an absence of macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant genes, including amino acid substitutions in the quinolone resistance determining regions of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 2 E. gallinarum isolates that were highly resistant, exhibiting MICs of 48 and 64 μg/mL and possessing tet(O) genes. The results indicate that antibiotic-resistant enterococci are being maintained in some laboratory mouse strains that have never been treated with an antibiotic.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Amino Acid Substitution , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Breeding , Ciprofloxacin , DNA Gyrase , DNA Topoisomerase IV , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Enterococcus , Erythromycin , Fluoroquinolones , Tetracycline , VancomycinABSTRACT
In April, 2006, we made and distributed the pamphlet entitled “Declaration for safety measures in medical services.” Because we thought that sharing with patients in the safty target could lead to create a safe environment in the hospital.To make certain whether inpatients and nurses understood and practiced the declaration, we took a questionnaire survey. The results showed that about 90% of the medical staff and inpatients understood the declaration and thought it worked out well. However some of the medical staff answered that they thought it did not work out. We felt the necessity to educate the medical staff thoroughly. Moreover, we found out differences in the recognition between medical staff and patients. For example, medical staff wonders if they mistake the contents of injections. But most of patients worry about pain.The medical staff is always working nervously and anxiously. However, there arequite a few cases in which complaints or disputes result from insufficient understanding by patients although medical staff thought that it was checked and explained.We are now working on safety measures reflecting patient's opinions.
Subject(s)
Safety , Work , PatientsABSTRACT
Many reports say that DWI (diffusion-weighted-image) is very useful for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction, especially in the acute phase, but it is difficult to have a fine image because DWI is very sensitive to artifacts caused by the “body-move” of the patient.<BR>About the degree of MPG (motion probing gradient), criteria are yet to be established. Many persons try in their own way. With MPG5, the intensity of CSF and that of the focal lesion are almost equal, so that it is difficult to distinguish infarcts from adjacent ventricles.<BR>The stronger the degree of MPG is, the more artifacts or noises we get, We recommend MPG6 or 7 in the right-left direction.