ABSTRACT
Hypercalcemia is common in patients after kidney transplantation (KTx) and is associated with persistent hyperparathyroidism in the majority of cases. This retrospective, single-center study evaluated the prevalence of hypercalcemia after KTx. KTx recipients were evaluated for 7 years after receiving kidneys from living or deceased donors. A total of 301 patients were evaluated; 67 patients had hypercalcemia at some point during the follow-up period. The median follow-up time for all 67 patients was 62 months (44; 80). Overall, 45 cases of hypercalcemia were classified as related to persistent post-transplant hyperparathyroidism (group A), 16 were classified as "transient post-transplant hypercalcemia" (group B), and 3 had causes secondary to other diseases (1 related to tuberculosis, 1 related to histoplasmosis, and 1 related to lymphoma). The other 3 patients had hypercalcemia of unknown etiology, which is still under investigation. In group A, the onset of hypercalcemia after KTx was not significantly different from that of the other groups, but the median duration of hypercalcemia in group A was 25 months (12.5; 53), longer than in group B, where the median duration of hypercalcemia was only 12 months (10; 15) (P<0.002). The median parathyroid hormone blood levels around 12 months after KTx were 210 pg/mL (141; 352) in group A and 72.5 pg/mL (54; 95) in group B (P<0.0001). Hypercalcemia post-KTx is not infrequent and its prevalence in this center was 22.2%. Persistent hyperparathyroidism was the most frequent cause, but other important etiologies must not be forgotten, especially granulomatous diseases and malignancies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Hypercalcemia/epidemiology , Hyperparathyroidism , Parathyroid Hormone , Calcium , Retrospective Studies , KidneyABSTRACT
Se presenta el caso de un paciente alcoholista con una ulceración perianal y manifestaciones cutáneas de enfermedad de Hansen. La biopsia de la lesión perianal y otros estudios arribaron al diagnóstico de una forma diseminada de paracoccidioidomicosis, así como también las biopsias cutáneas y los estudios baciloscópicos fueron diagnósticos de lepra lepromatosa. La respuesta a la terapéutica fue satisfactoria con desaparición de las lesiones cutáneas. La disminución de la respuesta inmunológica celular genera un terreno propicio para la infección de estos gérmenes y al compartir área endémica la asociación entre ambas patologías puede ocurrir.
Lepra and Paracoccidioidomycosis are endemic diseases in Argentina. We report a case of a patient with an unusual perianal ulceration and cutaneous manifestations of Hansen's disease. The biopsy of perianal lesion and subsequent studies revealed a disseminated form of paracoccidioidomycosis, as well as skin biopsy and baciloscopic finding diagnostic of Lepromatous Leprosy. The main portal of entry of paracoccidioides is the lung. Hematogenous dissemination of the fungus may occur at this time, with the establishment of metastatic foci in any organ. Anal and perianal lesions are present only in 1.3 to 2.4% of the patients. The pathogenesis of anal lesions remains unclear, it may be secondary from a systemic or a local disease. The patient response to the therapeutic was notable, with disappearance of lesions up to the third month of started itraconazole orally 400 mg/day leading just atrophy scars in perianal areas. The treatment of Hansen's disease was made according to OMS guidelines for multibacillary disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Leprosy, Lepromatous/diagnosis , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Endemic Diseases , Leprosy, Lepromatous/drug therapy , Leprosy, Lepromatous/pathology , Paracoccidioidomycosis/drug therapy , Paracoccidioidomycosis/pathologyABSTRACT
La histoplasmosis diseminada progresiva es una enfermedad que se manifiesta como reactivación de una infección latente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, especialmente en personas con déficit en la inmunidad celular. Existen formas agudas, subagudas y crónicas. Las lesiones focales, en especial úlceras mucocutáneas, predominan en la forma diseminada crónica. Reportamos el caso de una paciente con artritis reumatoidea, que controlaba su patología con fármacos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad (DMARD), la que consultó por úlcera de lengua como única manifestación de una histoplasmosis diseminada crónica. La histopatología fue compatible y el cultivo positivo para Histoplasma capsulatum. La serología para el HIV fue negativa. Existen pocos casos publicados de pacientes con esta localización atípica en forma aislada, en particular aquellos HIV negativos. El itraconazol y la anfotericina B son las dos drogas más utilizadas para tratar esta enfermedad. Los datos clínicos sobre los nuevos azoles, voriconazol y posaconazol son limitados.
The progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is a disease produced by reactivation of latent infection in immunocompromised host, specially in persons with defective cell-mediated immunity. There are acute, subacute and chronic forms in the progressive illness. Focal lesions, specially mucocutaneous ulcers, are most frequent in the chronic disseminated forms. We reported a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), with an ulcer of the tongue as only clinical manifestation of a chronic disseminated histoplasmosis. The histopathology was compatible, and the culture was positive for Histoplasma capsulatum. The serology for the HIV was negative. There are few published cases of this isolated form, particularly in patients with HIV negative serological test. Itraconazole and amphotericin B are the most frequently drugs used for the treatment in this disease. Clinical data on the new azoles, voriconazole and posaconazole, are limited.