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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(11): e180305, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976227

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Human trichinellosis is a foodborne parasitic zoonotic disease caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat infected with nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. In the USA, sporadic cases and outbreaks caused by the consumption of wild game meat infected with Trichinella have been reported. The current methods for diagnosis such as serology and microscopy are not specific, may result in false negative results, and cannot differentiate encapsulated Trichinella larvae to species level. The molecular protocols currently available for the differentiation of all encapsulate Trichinella species prevalent in North America have some limitations such as the inability to identify and resolve the presence of several Trichinella species in a single test. OBJECTIVES/METHODS In this study we developed and evaluated a multiplex TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, which can simultaneously detect, identify and differentiate all species of encapsulated Trichinella occurring in North America i.e., T. nativa, T. spiralis, T. murrelli and Trichinella T6, even in cases of multiple infection in a single sample. We investigated two human biopsies and 35 wild animal meat samples considered as having a high likelihood of harboring Trichinella larvae obtained from the United States during 2009-2017. FINDINGS Using the multiplex assay describe here, 22 (59%) samples that tested positive contained Trichinella spp., were identified as: T. nativa (n = 7, including a human biopsy), T. spiralis (n = 9, including a human biopsy), T. murrelli (n = 3), Trichinella T6 (n = 1). Results also included two rare mixed infection cases in bears, a T. nativa/T. spiralis from Alaska and a T. spiralis/Trichinella T6 from California. The species identifications were confirmed using a conventional PCR targeting the rRNA ITS1-ITS2 region, followed by DNA sequencing analysis. The estimated limit of detection (LOD) was approximately seven larvae per gram of meat. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Differentiation of Trichinella spp. is needed to improve efforts on identification of case, optimize food safety control and better understand the geographic distribution of Trichinella species. The Trichinella qPCR multiplex proved to be a robust, easy to perform assay and is presented as an improved technique for identification of all known encapsulated species occurring in North America continent.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trichinella , Microscopy/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 69(1): 112-117, Feb. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-598356

ABSTRACT

Several animal experimental models have been used in the study of malignant gliomas. The objective of the study was to test the efficacy of a simple, reproducible and low cost animal model, using human cells of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) xenotransplantated in subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats, immunosuppressed with cyclosporin given by orogastric administration, controlled by nonimunosuppressed rats. The animals were sacrificed at weekly intervals and we have observed gradual growth of tumor in the immunosuppressed group. The average tumor volume throughout the experiment was 4.38 cm³ in the immunosuppressed group, and 0.27 cm³ in the control one (p<0.001). Tumors showed histopathological hallmarks of GBM and retained its glial identity verified by GFAP and vimentin immunoreaction. Immunosuppression of rats with cyclosporin was efficient in allowing the development of human glioblastoma cells in subcutaneous tissues. The model has demonstrated the maintenance of most of the histopathological characteristics of human glioblastoma in an heterotopic site and might by considered in research of molecular and proliferative pathways of malignant gliomas.


Vários modelos animais têm sido avaliados no estudo dos gliomas e até o momento nenhum pôde ser considerado ideal. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a eficácia de um modelo animal simples, reprodutível e de baixo custo. Utilizamos células humanas de glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) xenotransplantadas em ratos Wistar, submetidos a imunossupressão com ciclosporina administrada por via orogástrica. Células tumorais foram implantadas no tecido subcutâneo dos ratos imunossuprimidos com ciclosporina, sendo o controle feito em ratos não imunossuprimidos. Os animais foram sacrificados em intervalos semanais e foi observado crescimento progressivo do tumor no grupo imunossuprimido. A média do volume tumoral em todo o experimento foi de 4,38 cm³ no grupo imunossuprimido e 0,27 cm³ no grupo controle (p<0,001). Os tumores apresentavam características histopatológica do GBM e mantinham sua identidade glial, verificadas por imunoreação para GFAP e vimentina. A imunossupressão dos ratos com ciclosporina foi eficiente em permitir o desenvolvimento do glioblastoma no tecido subcutâneo. Uma vez que o presente modelo mantém a maioria das características histopatológicas do glioblastoma humano, ele pode ser considerado em estudos que avaliem as vias moleculares e proliferativas dos gliomas malignos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Cyclosporine/administration & dosage , Glioblastoma/pathology , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Neoplasm Transplantation/methods , Administration, Oral , Brain Neoplasms/chemistry , Glioblastoma/chemistry , Models, Animal , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Burden , Transplantation, Heterologous/methods , Vimentin/analysis
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(4): 225-227, July-Aug. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-557413

ABSTRACT

We report a primary response to Toxoplasma gondii following a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with multiple myeloma. The primary response to T. gondii was supported by IgM, IgG and IgA seroconversion. The patient was promptly treated and there were no complications related to toxoplasmosis in the subsequent months.


Esse relato de caso descreve uma resposta primária ao Toxoplasma gondii após transplante de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas em paciente com mieloma múltiplo. A resposta primária para o T. gondii foi evidenciada pela soroconversão observada na resposta de anticorpos IgM, IgG e IgA. O paciente foi prontamente tratado e complicações relacionadas à toxoplasmose não foram observadas nos meses subseqüentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Multiple Myeloma/surgery , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis
4.
Pesticidas ; 6: 105-31, jan.-dez. 1996. mapas, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-187323

ABSTRACT

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Atoya situada no Departamento de Chinandega, uma das maiores regioes produtoras de algodao da Nicarágua, é alvo de intensas e constantes aplicaçoes de pesticidas. Com o objetivo de estudar a variaçao das concentraçoes de resíduos de pesticidas organoclorados e organofosforados entre a época de seca (novembro-abril) e de chuva (maio-junho) nessa regiao, analisaram-se amostras de águas e de sedimentos de rios e de poços de pontos estrategicamente selecionados. De modo geral, as maiores concentraçoes dos pesticidas das águas e dos sedimentos foram detectados no período de seca. Os compostos DDT, DDD, DDE e toxafeno sao os resíduos organoclorados encontrados com maior freqüência, tanto nas águas como nos sedimentos, enquanto que endrin, aldrin, dieldrin e lindano dominam nas águas de rios e de poços. Os compostos organofosforados raramente foram detectados, entretanto resíduos de etion, metil-paration e etil-paration foram encontrados em altas concentraçoes em algumas amostras de águas de rios e de poços. Na amostra fracionada verificou-se tendência da maioria dos organoclorados em se acumular nas fraçoes finas, ricas em matéria orgânica, a exceçao do DDE que se acumula nas fraçoes grossas.


Subject(s)
Basins , Insecticides, Organochlorine/analysis , Insecticides, Organophosphate/analysis , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Rivers , Water/chemistry , Nicaragua , Seasons
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